Systemic Infections - Sepsis (Exam 5)

sepsis

occurs when an infection triggers a body-wide inflammatory hyperreaction

True

True or False: There is not a specific kind of infection that causes sepsis

sepsis

a disease state that occurs due to an invasive infection that spreads into normally sterile tissues

1. pneumonia

2. UTI

1st and 2nd most common causes of sepsis

innate; organ damage and adaptive immune supression

in these tissues there is an ____ immune hyperreaction that causes _______ & ________

lethal triad

sepsis occurs because of a mechanism of positive feedback called the…

invasive infection

the positive feedback loop is triggered by _______

massive inflammatory response

invasive infections cause a ________

blood clotting

inflammation triggers _____ throughout the body

coagulopathy or DIC

formation of blood clots throughout the body

cardiovascular instability

clots int he small blood vessels of the body block blood flow and cause _________

blocks and damages blood vessels

cardiovascular instability means that excessive clotting _________

blotchy, purple to black sepsis rash

cardiovascular instability can manifest as a ________

more inflammation

cardiovascular instability leads to ________

blocked blood vessels prevent blood flow to organs and causes hypotension

two physiological conditions that go with sepsis

adaptive immune system

the massive inflammatory response from sepsis suppresses what immune system?

apoptosis

what does sepsis do to T&B cells?

60

__% of patients recover normally (with medical intervention)

30

__% die due to immunosuppression making them unable to fight off infection

10

__% die due to the organ damage and failure caused by hyperinflammation

sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock

three stages of sepsis?

sepsis

infection with physiological dysfunction

severe sepsis

sepsis with significant organ damage and dysfunction; higher SOFA score

septic shock

severe sepsis with hypotension that does not respond to treatment; often results in organ failure and death

SOFA

how is sepsis progression assessed?

physiological dysfunction

what does SOFA measure?

1. coagulation/clotting

2. respiratory dysfunction

3. liver dysfunction

4. kidney dysfunction

5. cardiovascular dysfunction

6. neurological dysfunction

six key measures that SOFA measures

platelets

massive amounts of clotting reduces the number of ____ in the blood

decreases

the amount of oxygen in the blood progressively ____ as lungs fail

loss of consciousness

loss of oxygen causes progressive ______

shivering or very cold, extreme pain, pale or discolored skin, sleepiness or confusion, impending doom, shortness of breath

Early symptoms of sepsis

maintain BP, treat the infection, supportive care

three approaches to treating sepsis

introduce IV fluids and vasoconstrictive medications

how do you maintain BP?

antibiotics and drain source of infections

how to treat the infection

other symptoms or physiological dysfunction

supportive care is treatments to relieve…