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cognition
all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, & communicating
concepts
mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
prototypes
mental image of a best example of a category
categorization aids rapid recognition but leads to
stereotyping & discrimination
what are characteristics of thinking & decision making?
implicit process
unobservable
multivariate
interactive
normative models
describe the way thinking SHOULD be — conditions are optimal
utility theory
choices should be based on the option that maximizes benefit & minimizes harm
descriptive models
seek to accurately describe irl thinking patterns of individuals in controlled contexts
algorithm
all operations required to make a decision are specified in order which deductively arrives at an outcome
heuristics
mental shortcuts, cognitive strategies or procedures to refine decision making or problem solving based on experience
how do huerstics save time?
they skip steps algorithms make
what are heuristics based on?
probabilities and inferences
use of heuristics can lead to?
cognitive biases
confirmation bias
a tendency to search for info that supports our preconceptions & ignore or distort contradictory evidence
