Med Term Digestion - Chapter 9 Flashcards

medterm chapter 9 terms

Gastroenterologist

A doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders related to the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, and other associated organs.

Bariatric

relating to the treatment of obesity and weight management.

Alimentary Canal

The continuous tube that runs from the mouth to the anus, responsible for the digestion and absorption of food.

Accessory Organs

Organs that aid digestion but are not part of the digestive tract, such as the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.

Sublingual

located under the tounge

Pylorus

The opening between the stomach and the duodenum, controlling the flow of partially digested food.

GERD

Condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn

Cleft Palate

Congenital split/opening in the roof of the mouth

Duodenum

first part of small intestine - shortest

Jejunum

second part of small intestine

Ileum

third part of small intestine - largest

gastroscope

Flexible instrument used to view inside the stomach

bile

Digestive fluid made by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; breaks down fats

Anastomosis

Surgical connection between two structures (e.g., intestines)

Cholecystectomy

removal of gallbladder

exocrine

Glands that secrete substances through ducts (e.g., digestive enzymes, sweat, saliva)

Polypectomy

removal of polyp - like a cyst in stomach lining

IBS

Functional GI disorder causing abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits

Biscupid

having two cusps/points (premolar teeth)

hepatic

liver

Cholelithiasis

stones in the gallbladder

colostomy

Surgical creation of an opening in the colon to the abdominal surface for waste removal

Bowel movement

Passage of stool through the rectum and anus

Submandibular

Located beneath the mandible (jaw); one of the salivary glands.

Glycogen

Stored form of glucose found in the liver and muscles

Diverticulum

single pouch in intestinal wall

Diverticula

multiple pouches in intestinal wall

Hemoccult

Test that detects hidden (occult) blood in stool

-rrhaphy

Suffix meaning surgical suturing or stitching

Cholangiography

Imaging of the bile ducts using contrast dye

Gastrointestinal

Pertaining to the stomach and intestines

Proctitis

Inflammation of the rectum and anus

Pyorrhea

Discharge of pus; often refers to advanced gum disease

Dyspepsia

Indigestion; discomfort in the upper abdomen

Choledocholithiasis

Presence of gallstones in the common bile duct

acute

sudden onset

chronic

long lasting

dys-

difficult

malignant

cancerous

anorexia

not eating