Skeletal System (2)

vertebral column

The ___ ___ supports and permits movement of the head and trunk and provides a site for muscle attachment.

cord nerves

The vertebrae support and protect the spinal___ and permit the passage of spinal ___.

33 7 12 5 5 4

There are ___

• __ cervical

• __ thoracic

• __ lumbar

• __ fused scaral

• __ fused coccygeal vertebrae

intervertebral discs processes

The vertebrae are separated by fibrocartilagenous ___ ___ and are secured to one another by interlocking ___ and ligaments

unit

There is limited movement between vertebrae but extensive movements of the vertebral column as a ___.

4

There are ___ curvatures in the adult vertebral column

cervial thoracic lumbar

The ___, ___, and ___ curves are designated by the type of vertebrae they include.

pelvic

The ___ curve is formed by the sacrum and coccyx.

body neural arch

All vertebrae have

• a b___

• a n___ a___ composed of two supporting pedicles and two arched laminae

• vertebral foramen that allows passage of the spinal cord

• spinous process, paried transverse processes

• paried superior and inferior articular processes

• intervertebral foramen for passage of spinal nerves.

transverse foramen

Unique features of cervical vertebrae:

facets

Unique features of thoracic vertebrae:

__ for articulation with ribs

spinous process

Unique features of lumbar vertebrae:

broad and flat ___ ___ for muscle attachment

atals occipital condyle

C1 is called ___ and articulates with the ___ ___ of the skull.

axis dens process

C2  is called ___ and has a ___(=odontoid) ___ that provides a pivot for rotation with respect to atlas.

rib cage sternum costal cartilage ribs

The r___ c___ is composed of the s___, c___ c___, and the r___ attached to the thoracic vertebrae.

pectoral girdle upper extremities

The rib cage supports the p___ g___(=shoulder girdle) and the u___ e___.

respiration

The rib cage provides an extensive surface area for muscle attachment, and plays a major role in ___.

manubrium body xiphoid process

The portions of the sternum are the ___, the ___, and the ___ ___.

7 true

Only the first ___ pairs of ribs are anchored to the sternum by individual costal cartilages, these are called the ___ ribs (=vertebrosternal ribs).

5 false

The remaining ___ pairs of ribs are called the ___ ribs.

7

Ribs 8~10 are attached to the costal cartilage of rib ___(=vertebrochondral ribs).

floating

Ribs 11~12 do not attach to the sternum at all and are referred to as the ___ ribs(vertebral ribs).

neck angle shaft

All ribs have a ___, ___, and ___.