Cell Biology and Histology

Flashcards covering key concepts and vocabulary from cellular biology and histology.

Cytoplasm

The area and contents of the cell located within the cell membrane, but outside of the nucleus.

Organelle

A small specialized intracellular unit with a specific individual function.

Nucleus

An organelle containing the cell's DNA (or genetic material).

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A membranous organelle; rough if ribosomes are present, smooth if absent.

Epithelial Cell

Cells forming a layer called epithelium, often found lining ducts and tubes.

Stratified

Refers to epithelial cells that are comprised of more than one layer.

Squamous

Epithelial cells in a flattened oval shape, with a flattened nucleus.

Cuboidal

Epithelial cells in a square shape, often with a round nucleus.

Columnar

Epithelial cells in a tall rectangular shape, often with an oval nucleus.

Transitional

Epithelial cells found only in the urinary system, allowing for stretch based on volume.

Photomicrograph

A photo taken through a microscope to visualize very small cells or tissues.

Microvilli

Small finger-like extensions off an epithelial cell membrane that increase surface area.

Adipose Tissue

Fatty tissue containing adipocytes (or fat cells).

Histology

The study of tissues.

Epithelial Tissue

Covers and protects surfaces, and includes glandular epithelium that lines glands.

Connective Tissue

The most abundant and widely distributed primary tissue in the body, providing support.

Muscle Tissue

Responsible for movement and includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth types.

Nervous Tissue

Main component of the nervous system, consisting of neurons and supporting cells (neuroglia).