CC-Cicero

how did Cicero show support for the equites

-case case of defence Cluentius against his stepfather who had accused him of poisoning him. Cicero argued how said stepfather had been proven guilty years prior for attempting to murder Cluentius. this allowed Cicero to show support of the equites

education

early- reading, writing, Latin, Greek Language and Literature

mid-teens- rhetoric oratory under the tutelage of (ex-consul) Crassus- (not the rich one but one of his relatives)

-Studied philosophy and rhetoric Athens + Asia Minor

how did Cicero make a name for himself?

major case- 80BC in defence of Sextus Roscius who was accused of partricide- Cicero won the case

Quaestor

raised the amount of grain needed for Sicily to send to Rome even during a shortage. promised to serve as a patron of the Sicilian people (which he showed in 70BC- Verres’ case). showed honesty and integrity.

aedile

provided games and kept the cost of living low. helped by the Sicilian who sent him foodstuffs to pass on to the people. undertook his first defence of behalf of a senatorial client (Marcus Fonteius) for extortion.

praetor

addressed the people of Rome and addressed them for the rostra. Supported a new bill to give Pompey another form of imperium(Lex Manilia).

consulship

63BC

praetor

66BC

aedile

69BC

Quaestor

75BC

consular Colleague

Antonius Hybrida

Important moments of cicero’s consulship

-opposed a land bill that suggested land was given to the landless poor

-The Catilinarian Conspiracy

who was behind the Catilinarian Conspiracy

Catiline who was struggling to become consul. Election for 63BC and 64BC resulted in him being 3rd.

How did Cicero find out about the Catiline Conspiracy

Crassus showed cicero a secret plan. Cicero’s wife’s spies told him about a secret army in the north.

What happened in the senate on December 5th 63BC (Catilinarian Conspiracy)

Cicero requests that they (the conspirators) are put to death without a trail. All agree until Caesar puts forward another idea-they are put in life imprisonment. But after Cato speak in support of Cicero the minds of the senators change again. They(conspirators) are all executed.

how was Cicero viewed in the aftermath of the Catilinarian Conspiracy

named “Father of the Republic” -only 3rd Roman. hailed as a hero. wrote an epic poem about his consulship “de consulatu suo”. had all his Catiline speeches published.

Cicero’s position in 53-50BC

53BC- Cicero becomes augur

52BC-Cicero (fails but) defends Milo for murdering Clodius

51BC-Cicero governor of Cilcia. waged war, received a triumph.

The Philippics (Antony vs Cicero)

After trying to travel but having to go back to Rome due to bad weather, Cicero misses the senate meeting on 1st Sept 44BC. Antony proposes adding a holiday to honour Julius Caesar but takes Cicero absence as an insult. Antony threatens Cicero. In return, Cicero delivers his first Philippic- a speech that called for harmony and moderation as well as criticising Antony’s policies. 15th Sept. Antony says a speech attacking Cicero’s whole career. There are 14 Philippics in total.

Cicero’s death

his death was influenced by the Second Triumvirate as he was on their proscription list. He was torn between fleeing to his son in Greece or staying in Italy to meet his fate. 7/12/43. bounty hunters kill him at Formiae. His head and hands are delivered to Antony and displayed in the forum.

Cicero’s opposition to the 63BC land reform by Servilius

The land reform would grant 10 citizens the power to buy land and then redistribute it via lottery.

Cicero opposed it as he believed the reasoning behind it wasn’t right. he told the people how the bill wasn’t for them but for personal ambition as it would give those 10 citizens the power of KINGS depending on who the 10 would be.