biology - chromosomes

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chromatin

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19 Terms

1

chromatin

NON-DIVIDING long strands of DNA that hold/carry genes

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2

genes

provides information about who we are

ex. hair color, eye color

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3

allele

half of a gene (meaning 1 half from mom or dad)

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4

zygote

fertilized egg

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5

centromere

the point where to chromosomes meet and connect

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6

telomere

the cap found at the end of each chromosome arm

used to protect the chromosome when it duplicates but, it becomes shorter each duplication

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7

DNA and mtDNA

DNA = composed of nucleotides and looks like a twisted ladder

mtDNA = DNA found in the mitochondria that comes from the maternal (mother) side

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8

phosphate group

PO3H2

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9

nitrogenous bases

Adenine (A)

Cytosine (C)

Guanine (G)

Thymine (T)

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10

what does every chromosome have?

2 matching strands, a phosphate group, sugar on the outside, nitrogenous base in the center.

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11

Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin

4 scientists produced a 1 page paper explaining DNA and proving that it has a helical shape

they won the nobel prize in 1962 (franklin didn’t get it because she died)

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12

how did this experiement become possible?

Franklin (the best scientist in her field) received an x-ray of crystallography

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13

chargaff’s rule

scientific bases are always paired with other specific bases

Adenine to Thymine

Cytosine to Guanine

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14

somatic chromosomes

non gender cells

for example: bones and blood cells

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15

gender chromosomes

female = XX, male = XY

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16

histones

wrap around DNA to protect it

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17

karyotypes

a chromosomal map that is used to study gender chromosomes

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18

long arm

the longest part of the chromosome from the centromere “q”

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19

short arm

shortest part of the chromosome from the centromere “p”

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