Chapter 9 quiz

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Cardiac muscle tissue

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37 Terms

1

Cardiac muscle tissue

  • is found in hearts

  • Makes up bulk of heart walls

  • Striated

  • Involuntary: cannot be controlled consciously

  • Contracts at steady rate due to heart's own pacemaker, but nervous system can increase rate

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2
  1. Skeletal muscle tissue

is packaged into skeletal muscle: organs that are attached to bones and skin

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3

Skeletal muscle fibers

are longest of all muscle and have striations (stripes)

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4

Skeletal Muscle

Called voluntary muscle,  can be consciously controlled

  • Contract rapidly; tire easily; powerful

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5

Smooth Muscle Tissue

found in walls of hollow organs

  • Examples: stomach, urinary bladder, and airways

  • Not striated

  • Involuntary: cannot  be controlled consciously

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6

Muscle Cells

are Muscle fibers

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7

Excitability (responsiveness)

  • ability to receive and respond to stimuli

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8

Contractility

ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated

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9

Extensibility

ability to be stretched

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10

Elasticity

  • ability to recoil to resting length

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11
  • Four important functions

Produce movement: responsible for all locomotion and manipulation

  • Example: walking, digesting, pumping blood

  1. Maintain posture and body position

  2. Stabilize joints

  3. Generate heat as they contract

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12

Three different features of skeletal tissues

  • nerve and blood supply, connective tissue sheaths, and attachments

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13

Nerve and Blood Supply

  • Each muscle receives a nerve, artery, and veins

  • Consciously controlled skeletal muscle has nerves supplying every fiber to control activity

  • Contracting muscle fibers require huge amounts of oxygen and nutrients

  • Also need waste products removed quickly

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14

Connective Tissue Sheaths

  • Each skeletal muscle, as well as each ACh, is covered in connective tissue

  • Support cells and reinforce whole muscle

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15

Epimysium

  • Dense irregular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle; may blend with fascia

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16

Perimysium

  • fibrous connective tissue surrounding fascicles (groups of muscle fibers)

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17

Endomysium

  • fine areolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber

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18

Insertion

  • attachment to movable bone

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19

Origin

  • attachment to immovable or less movable bone

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20

Direct (fleshy)

  • epimysium fused to periosteum of bone or perichondrium of cartilage

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21

Indirect

connective tissue wrappings extend beyond muscle as rope like tendon or sheetlike aponeurosis

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22

Skeletal muscle fibers (Microanatomy)

are long, cylindrical cells that contain multiple nuclei

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23

Sarcolemma

muscle fiber plasma membrane

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24

Sarcoplasma

  • muscle fiber plasma

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25

glycosomes

glycogen storage

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26

myoglobin

  • O2 storage

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27

Modified organelles

  • Myofibrils

  • Sarcoplasmic reticulum

  • T tubules

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28

Myofibrils

  • are densely packed, rodlike elements

  • Single muscle fiber can contain 1000s

  • Accounts for ~80% of muscle cell volume

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29
  • Striations

  • stripes formed from repeating series of dark and light bands along length of each myofibril

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30

A bands

  • dark regions

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31

H zone

  • lighter region in middle of dark A band

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32

M line

  • Line protein (myomesin) that bisects H zone vertically

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33

I bands

lighter regions

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34

Z disc (line)

  • coin-shaped sheet of proteins on midline of light I band

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35

Sarcomeres

  • Orderly arrangement of actin and myosin myofilaments within sarcomere

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36

Actin myofilaments

  • thin filaments

  • Extend across I band and part way in A band

  • Anchored to Z discs

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37

Thick filaments

  • composed of protein and myosin that contains two heavy and four light polypeptide chains

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