Soc Exam 3

Define Deviance

It looks at norms and rules that are expected of us

Define folkway norms

Norms that are considered common courtesy, if you violate them its not a big deal but you may be seen as a bad person(not holding the door for the person around you)

Define Mores Norms

Moral norms and expectations to do specific things.(Being faithful to your spouse)

Define Taboo norms

Behaviors that are never acceptable. Mostly rejected by multiple cultures.

Define Law norms

They will codify and write out norms(will typically involve taboos)

Deviance is not necessarily…

Negative, it can be seen as a positive act

What do we look for when classifying location of deviant behavior?

Where(Breaking law?)

Historical(At this point, deviant?)

Relational/Cultural(Is the act deviant in that setting? bumper cars example)

What do we look for when classifying audience of deviant behavior?

Who is observing?

power dynamic( does observer have authority to punish?)

Perceptions of the audience( Does the observer care?)

What do we look for when classifying Perpetrator of deviant behavior?

Who commits?

Power of the perpetrator(Do they have authority where they can do things without being punished)

Define Social Control

Way of maintaining and regulating social norms, used to maintain the social order of society

Define Social order

Orderly function of society pedicatbly

Define Sanctions

They are specific responses to behavior related social norms they can be positive or negative

Define informal sanctions

Unofficial, spontanues, recognition of behavior

Define formal sanctions

Official or codified recognitions of behaviors

How do functionalists think about deviance?

They think it helps draw attention to issues with functions and that laws/crimes are expressions of collective conscious.

Define Strain theory

Created by Robert Murton and its states that people are drawn to perform deviant acts when the ways they wanna do things are not avalible.

Someone who accepts goals and means of society

Conformity-follows society, doesn’t deviate at all

Someone who rejects means but accepts goals of society

Innovation

Someone who Doesn’t conform to goals but accept means of society

Ritualism

Someone who rejects goals and means of society

Retreatism-

Define Rebellion

Overthrowing Goals and means of society

Define Social Disorganiztion theory

Deviance is more like to happen when societies lack social ties and/or lack social control.

Define Conflict theory

Focuses on difference in enforcement between social classes. People in higher SES are less likely to be held accountable for deviant acts.

Define Power

You can exercise will over others(top down view)

How can power be used positively?

To adress social problems and be mobilized to help people(natural disaster help)

Define Authority

Power that people either

1.Accept

2.Percieve as legit

In authority ____ Matters

Context “do they have the authority to make demands here?”

The 3 forms of authority are argued by..

Weber

Define Traditional authority

We accept because that’s the way it’s always been. Legitimized by long standing traditions. (Power often ceremonial)

Define Charismatic authority

Authority accepted because there is something about them that is liked. Leaders personal qualities that help them have a HUGE level of power and authority.

Define Rationally legal authority

Authority accepted because they have a position of legal power based on an ideology that we agree with. “Its not them its the position”

Define Goverment

An organized system to exert power and control

Define Anarchy

No organized government whatsoever

Define Monarchy’s

There is a single person(Monarch) at the very top that rules society. Their power comes from tradition or hereditary

Define Absolute monarchys

The monarch controls everything

Define a Constitutional monarchy

The monarchs power is mediated through a parliament, there is a constitution and codified regulations that control their powers. They are a figure head, the one who holds most power is the prime minister.

Define a Oligarchy

A small group of elite control the goverment

Define the power elite

a group beyond congress gov that pull strings in a broader sense like finical wise

Define a dictatorship

A person or really small group that holds absolute power over society, can be built off of fear/ intimidation and charismatic authority

Define a totalitarian dictatorship

Dictator is going to control everything everything about that society

Define Democracy

Some form of government that’s going to provide everyone with a voice in saying the goverments decisions

Define Direct democracy

All the citizens vote on every single thing.

Define Representative democracys

Citizens sill have primary source of power but they elect representatives and they are the ones who act in this vested interest.

Define Functionalism

Governments acts a function for society in 4 ways

1.Keep progress track course

1. meet social needs

2. Maintain law and order

3. international relations

What defines power in government

Who has power who doesn't

Uprisings, protests, and social conflicts are….

crucial to help gov redistribute power(Highlights issues)

Define Symbolic interactionalism

It look at how gov is perceived in a society

In the documentary it stated that the government is….

Decentralized

Define a decentralized gov

A gov that has separated power, 3 branches

Define decentralization

It is beneficial if you want to change powers because it is easier to approach

Define the lobbying system

It is when private interests get paid to push for a position in gov

Define the revolving door of politics

The polition gets paid by a private company and works for them for a little bit then they go back to into office

Define Med Soc

Deticated to understanding how societys recognize manage and treat illness

Define the physical understanding of health and illness

What does it mean to be healthy or sick?

Define the mental understanding of health and illness

How does being healthy or sick impact ones mental health?, How does being healthy or sick impact others mental health?

Define the social understanding of health and illness

How do the societies deal with it, how does getting sick impact others.

Health and Illness are……

Social constructions

Define what it means for a illness to be widely accepted

People are okay/normal with it going around

Define what it means for a illness to be stigmatized

People who have these are seen as outcasts or ostracized

Define what is mean for a illness to be contested

Regardless of the actual ohyscialy symptomaltolgy the medical community will question if this disease exists

Definer social epidemiology

More medically focused, ask how society’s circumstances protect/predispose?

Members of Marginalized groups contain…

Racial/ethnic/gender,ses that are expected to have lower illness/life expectancy

Why do marginalized groups have a higher chance of getting sick?

The healthcare system isn’t suited ro them and they are less likely to see high quality health care

Proir to the affordable care act health insurance companuies could….

Deny pre existing conditions

Define Medicalization

It is when some aspect of life is now considered a medical issue warranting attemtion by society(child birth)

Define the functionalists perceptive of illness

Illness is a dysfunction but it serves a function of the sick role and gives the healthcare system a role in general.

How does conflict theory look at healthcare

It creates disparities, health becomes something that can be bought and sold. This means that dominant groups can modify it/ Taylor it to sustain their needs.

How does symbolic interactionalism look at health?

The social contrustc of it and its meanings

Define Medicalization of deviance

It is when deviant behavior is seen as negative before medicalization, but then this shifts and it is seen as a sick behavior.

Define Labeling theory

Argues that the deviant act is considered deviant because others react to it as deviant

Define Primary Deviance

Deviant behavior that does not impact how one defines themselves/is seen

Define secondary Deviance

Deviant Behavior that does impact how one defines themselves/ is generally seen by others

Define Neutralization

Ineffective rationalizations/defense mechanisms performed in attempts to neutralize/reject a deviant Identity(takes 5 forms)

Define Denial of responsibility

Rejection of label by not taking responsibility for ones own actions

Define Denial of injury

Arguing that a deviant act wasnt really deviant because it did not affect anyone

Define Denial of the victim

Arguing that their actions were justified or deserved

Define Condemnation of the condemners

Protecting the problem onto the person delivering the sanction and steering the focus away from the deviant act.

Define Appeal to a higher authority

Attempt to justify the deviant act as beneficial for the “Greater good”

A person who investigates the differential treatment of peoples devour acts would be investigating ______ on deviance

Conflict theory

Define the differential association theory

Argues that if a group accepts deviant behavior without punishing it, then other members also may engage in that behavior

Define Control Theory

Social control spawns from feelings of connection to the wider society, when someone feels disconnected they are more likely to be deviant

Define Attachment connection

How connected is someone to other people?

Define Commitment Connection?

How committed is one/how much does one give back to society?

Define Involvement connection

Is one involved in socially acceptable/legitimate group activities in society?

Define Belief Connections

Does a society hold an agreement on common values? Does one believe these common values?

Define Crime

Deviance that a society considers so severe that they either, create laws against it, and punish those engaging in it via formal sanctions

Crime can be used to ____ groups doing a behavior by abusing the legal system and naming is a crime

Marginalize

Define Violent crimes

Use of force/threat against someone

Define Nonviolent crimes

Crimes that do not use force/threat against someone

Define Street crime

Crimes committed in public spaces

Define Corporate crimes

Crimes committed by white-collar workers in a business environment

Define a Victimless crime

Crime that are argued to not involve direct harm of another person(Underage drinking)

Define Hate crime

Cromes cometed against someone else based off of hatred of some aspect of the victims identity

What is one way that we do not stay trim due to its ability to be very problematic?

Public Perception