CHAPTER 3 Careers in Health care"

what % of the American workforce are in health care

13%

what is driving the growth of the health care industry

population growth, aging population, increased like expectancy

what are most health care jobs located

hospitals

define demographic 

more elderly people and more patients 

what is ACA

health care coverage and prevent health cost

what does the ACA emphasize

preventation and primary cares

what are examples of chronic diseases 

cancer 

what are the examples of acute diseases

hiv

what is the role of physicians

diagnose, treat patients

how are physicians licensed 

MD or DO

what is allopathic medicine 

diagnosing and treating via coventional 

what is osteopathic medicine

a distinct branch of medical practice that emphasizes a holistic approach to healthcare

what does NBME stand for

National Board Of Medicine Examiners

what does NBOE stand for

National Board Of Osteopathic Examiners

what do MD`s focus on

musculoskeletal focus

what do DO`s focus on

Allopathic

who are more likely to be generalists 

Do`s are more likely to be generalists

what are examples of generalists 

family doctor 

how are internship and residencies

Internship is the first year of postgraduate medical training where a new doctor gains foundational clinical skills under close supervision, while residency is the subsequent, more specialized training program

how do referrals work 

patients gets to primary care and they send to a specialitirres and again primary care 

what PCP

primary care providers

what do hospitalist

manage care during hospitalization

what are the hospitals focus on 

inpatients medicine 

how are hospital trrained

often from internal medicine

what is gatekeeping 

primary cares controls to specilaty care 

what does longitudinal mean

taking care for a long time

what does episodic mean

occur at irregular intervals

what do primary doctors focus on

comorbidiitiees

what do specialists focus on 

disease or organ system 

what does comorbidity mean

simrthanerly with other condition

what are the different wok setting for physicians

public sector

what does public sector 

it is a part of economy controlled by government 

what are ambulatory mean

to be able to walk around

how are physicians maldistribution

a specialty maldistribution, with too many specialists and not enough primary care physicians,

what does maldistribution mean

bad or unsatisfactory distribution, as of wealth, among a population or members of a group 

where do most doctors cluster

why does the us have more specialists than specialists than primary careproviders 

higher specialist salaries, the US reimbursement system that favors technology-based care, and a shortage of primary care physicians resulting from inadequate pay and administrative burdens

what are the consequences of having more specialists than primary care providers 

higher healthcare costs, increased medical waste from unnecessary tests and procedures, and potentially poorer health outcomes due to fragmented and uncoordinated care

what does reimbursement

the act of repaying someone for money they have spent on behalf of another person or organization

what are underserved populations

groups of people who face barriers to accessing essential resources, services, and opportunities like healthcare, education, and economic support

what are orthodontics

a branch of dentistry that specializes in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental and facial irregularities, particularly those involving the position and alignment of the teeth and jaws. 

what is periodontics

a branch of dentistry that focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting the gums and supporting structures of the teeth

what are prosthodontics 

It focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting the gums and supporting structures of the teeth, such as gingivitis and periodontitis

what are the endodontics

a branch of dentistry that focuses on the treatment of the pulp and surrounding tissues of the tooth

what does pathology mean

leg diagones

what Is the a pharmacist

a healthcare professional who specializes in medication, preparing and dispensing prescriptions, and ensuring patients use their medications safely and effectively

what type of eductation do parmacist need

Doctor of Pharmacy  degree from an accredited program

what are nuclear pharmacists 

a specialized pharmacist who handles radioactive drug

where do pharmacists work

community pharmacies, hospitals, and clinics

how is the tradition role of pharmacists 

primarily focused on the accurate and safe dispensing of medications

what are optometrists

a healthcare professional who provides primary vision care, including eye exams, vision tests, and the diagnosis and treatment of common eye conditions

what are the psychologists 

licensed professionals who study human behavior, emotions, and mental processes to help people cope with life challenges and mental health conditions

what are podiatrists 

medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of the foot, ankle, and lower leg

what are the chiropractors

licensed healthcare professionals who diagnose and treat neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disorders, with a primary focus on the spine

what is the largest group of health care  workers

registered nurses 

what is the role of nurses 

provide person-centered care, which includes administering medications, monitoring patient health, performing diagnostic tests, and providing direct patient care like basic bedside care and wound dressing

what are the 2 types of nurses

Registered Nurses (RNs), who provide direct patient care and coordinate treatment plans, and Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs), who provide basic patient care under the supervision of RNs

what is a physician assistant

a licensed healthcare professional who practices medicine under the supervision of a physician to provide patient care

what is a nurse practitioner 

a registered nurse with advanced training who can diagnose and treat illnesses, order and interpret tests, prescribe medications, and manage patient care

what is a certified nurse midwife 

advanced practice registered nurse who provides comprehensive healthcare to women from adolescence through menopause, including prenatal, childbirth, and postpartum care

what are the values of midwifes 

empowerment, evidence-based and holistic care, partnership, respect for women, and integrity

what are some barriers to being a midwife

the difficulty of the training and the demanding nature of the job, such as long hours and on-call requirements

what % of the health care workforce are allied health professionals

nearly 60%

what are 2 categories of allied health care

technicians (or assistants) and therapists/technologists

what are the technology and therapists 

integrating various digital tools into mental health care, including teletherapy (video conferencing, phone, and text), mobile apps for self-guided exercises, and advanced tools like virtual reality (VR) for exposure therapy and AI-powered chatbots for support

what are technicians therapists

technicians implement and assist with treatments under the supervision of licensed professionals, while therapists evaluate, diagnose, and create treatment plans

what are the focus of public health professions

to prevent disease, prolong life, and promote health for entire populations through organized efforts at local, national, and global levels

what are the areas do public health officials focus on 

disease prevention, health promotion, and environmental quality

what is biostati1stics

the application of statistical methods to health-related fields like medicine, public health, and biology

what is epidemiology

the branch of public health that studies the distribution, determinants, and control of diseases and other health conditions in populations

who employs public health officials 

Public health officials are employed by various entities, including local, state, and federal government health departments and agencies

what are NGOs

private, non-profit entities that operate independently of governments to address social, humanitarian, environmental, and political issues

what are health service administrators

a professional responsible for overseeing and managing the operations of healthcare facilities, such as hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes

what are the top levels health care service administrators 

Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Operating Officer (COO), and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), as well as high-level positions such as Chief Medical Officer (CMO) and Chief Nursing Officer (CNO)

what are the mid levels health care service administrators 

managers who bridge senior leadership and frontline staff, overseeing operational functions like budgeting, scheduling, and staff supervision for a specific department or the entire facility

what are the entry level health services administrators

what are the entry level health services administrators