American Pageant (14th Edition) Chapter 12

War of 1812

Conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain over British violations of U.S. maritime rights. It ended with the Treaty of Ghent.

Oliver Hazard Perry

United States commodore who led the fleet that defeated the British on Lake Erie during the War of 1812.

William Henry Harrison

Ninth President of the United States, an American military officer and politician, and the last president born as a British subject. He was also the first president to die in office. Served the shortest term in history--about 30 days.

Battle of the Thames

A United States victory in the War of 1812 against the United Kingdom and Tecumseh's Confederacy. This is where Tecumseh was killed.

Thomas MacDonough

American naval officer whose victory forced the British to halt their plan to attack New York City and thus saved New York, preventing New England from being severed from the nation.

Bladensburg

A town in Prince George's County, Maryland where the British landed, ran off 6,000 Americans, and then marched to Washington D.C. The British burnt the new capital to the ground.

Ft. McHenry

The British then sailed to Baltimore but were stopped at this star-shaped fort. after burning down the capital.

Francis Scott Key

Wrote the Star Spangled Banner describing the battle and how the American flag stood throughout the night.

Andrew Jackson

An American statesman who served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Most notable for the Indian Removal Act.

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

A battle fought during the War of 1812 in the Mississippi Territory. Commanded by Andrew Jackson. He sought to "clear" the Mississippi Territory for American settlement.

Battle of New Orleans

The final major battle of the War of 1812. Jackson scored the victory in January of 1815—the largest battle of the war.

Treaty of Ghent

An armistice (cease-fire) that ended the War of 1812.

Hartford Convention

Delegates from Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Rhode Island met in Hartford, CT. New England's goal at the meeting was to decide what to do about the war

Rush Bagot Agreement

A treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain.

Washington Irving

An American short story writer, essayist, biographer, historian, and diplomat of the early 19th century. Famous for fiction like "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow."

James Fenimore Cooper

Another fiction writer known for "The Leatherstocking Tales" which included "The Last of the Mohicans."

Tariff of 16

It assessed a rate of 20-25% on imports and was America's first tariff for protection, not revenue.

Henry Clay

Speaker of the House, initiated the American System.

American System

An economic plan for the country. It said to:

Have a strong banking system.

Set up a protective tariff to boost American industry.

Build a strong transportation network of roads and canals

Internal Improvements

Building roads, canals, other infrastructure.

Strict Constructionist

Refers to a particular legal philosophy of judicial interpretation that limits or restricts judicial interpretation.

Erie Canal

A canal completed in 1825 in New York that is part of the east-west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System.

Era of Good Feelings

Name for the time after the war because there was only one political party (Republicans) which mean unity and there was an upsweep of nationalism after the war.

Panic of 1819

Banks throughout the country failed; mortgages were foreclosed, forcing people out of their homes and off their farms. Falling prices impaired agriculture and manufacturing, triggering widespread unemployment.

Cumberland Road

(AKA The National Road) was the first major improved highway in the United States built by the federal government for transportation and travel.

Land Act of 1820

Allowed buyers to purchase 80 acres at $1.25 per acre (as a minimum).

Wildcat Banks

Banks that gave easy credit and printed their own paper money to lend it out liberally to anyone wanting to buy land.

Tallmadge Amendment

Limit slavery in Missouri. It proposed that (a) no more slaves be allowed into Missouri and (b) that slaves born to Missouri slave parents would gradually emancipated.

Missouri Compromise

Missouri would be admitted as a slave state; Maine would be admitted as a free state. (The balance moved from 11 free states and 11 slave states to 12 and 12). Regarding future slave land, an east-west line was drawn at 36°30'. All new states north of the 36°30' line would be free, new states southward would be slave.

Chief Justice John Marshall

Court's leader who was a federalist in his philosophy and therefore leaned to the strong federal government side.

McCulloch vs. Maryland

Maryland tried to tax the Bank of the U.S. Chief Justice Marshall invoked Hamilton's "implied powers" and declared the B.U.S. constitutional. In this case, the Elastic Clause was officially recognized and used.

Cohens vs. Virginia

The Cohens family sold lottery tickets in Virginia, which was illegal by state law. They argued that there was a federal law saying it was legal. The Supreme Court showed it had the power to review state court decisions (in cases involving the powers of the federal government).

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Robert Fulton had invented the steamboat and hired Gibbons to pilot the boat along the Hudson River. New York had awarded them monopoly rights to do so. Ogden infringed on the monopoly and ran his own boat, was prosecuted and convicted. The Supreme Court said New York was wrong to award a monopoly because the Constitution says that only Congress can regulate interstate trade, not the states.

Fletcher vs. Peck

After being bribed, Georgia gave away millions of acres along the Yazoo River. A contract was made. Later, when the people found out about the corruption, a state law was passed revoking the contract. The Supreme Court said a contract is a contract and the Constitution says it can't be broken by state laws

Dartmouth College vs. Woodward

Dartmouth College had been awarded a charter by King George III but New Hampshire revoked it. The Supreme Court said the charter was a contract and, like Fletcher, states could not encroach on contracts.

Senator Daniel Webster

An American statesman who twice served in the United States House of Representatives, representing New Hampshire and Massachusetts.

John Quincy Adams

An American statesman who served as the sixth President of the US. Supported infrastructural and educational improvements in the shape of federal projects like road and canal building, a national university, and a national bank, but met with stiff opposition from supporters of Andrew Jackson in Congress.

Treaty of 1818

Treaty that drew a border line at 49° from Lake of the Woods (MN) westward to the Rocky Mountains.

Florida Purchase Treaty

Agreement in which America paid $5 million for Florida. Spain gave up a claim to Oregon and America gave up a claim to Texas. The southern limit of Oregon was set at 42° latitude.

George Canning

British foreign secretary who offered a deal the American minister in London. He proposed that the U.S. and England make a statement to not grab any Latin American land. This statement would also warn any other European nations to also stay out of Latin America.

Monroe Doctrine

(1823) asserted European non-colonization of the Americas and non-intervention. In other words, it told Europe that the days of colonization in the Americas are over. And, Europe should stay out of American affairs (North, Central, Latin, or South America). A KEEP OUT sign.

Russo-American Treaty of 1812

Set the southern boundary of Russian land at 54°40'. This doctrine was not law, but it grew to become a basic American guideline for foreign policy.