MCQ Histology - Year II

Vocabulary flashcards derived from histology lecture notes.

Prokaryotic cell

A cell without a nucleus and organelles, typically found in bacteria.

Eukaryotic cell

A cell with a nucleus and organelles, which can be found in plants and animals.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells involved in photosynthesis.

Vacuole

A storage organelle in cells; larger in plant cells than in animal cells.

Lysosomes

Organelles involved in autophagy and containing digestive enzymes.

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell, involved in energy production.

Ribosomes

Organelles that serve as the site of protein synthesis.

Nucleus

The organelle that contains the genetic material and manages cell functions.

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A type of tissue that lines most ducts.

Transitional epithelium

A type of epithelial tissue that can stretch and is found in the bladder.

Haversian system

The cylindrical structure found in compact bone.

Osteoclast

A multinucleated cell involved in bone resorption.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells that transport oxygen.

Thrombocytes

Also known as platelets, involved in blood clotting.

Neuroglia

Supporting cells in the central nervous system.

Lymph follicles

Another term for lymphatic nodules.

Dendrites

Branches of a neuron that receive signals.

Myofibrils

Longitudinal bundles of myofilaments in muscle cells.

Epicardium

The outer layer of the heart.

Pericardium

The connective tissue sac that surrounds the heart.

Compact bone

Also known as dense bone, has a structured design including Haversian systems.

Smooth muscle

Type of muscle that is involuntary and composed of spindle-shaped cells.

Excitatory neurons

Neurons that stimulate other neurons to fire.

Endothelium

Simple squamous epithelium that lines blood vessels.