BIO 240 Quiz 2

Bacteria are the only

Procaryotes

Viruses are so simple they are

Neither

What is the correct order: Genus species OR Species genus

Genus species

Only the first letter of the ____ is capitalized.

Genus

Morphology of bacteria refers to the

Size, shape, and arrangement of bacterial cell

coccus-

round shaped bacteria

Bacillus

Rod shaped bacteria

Spirillim

Spiral shaped bacteria

Spirochete

Appears like spirillum bacteris but possesses an axial filament

Coccobacillus

Egg shaped

Vibrio

Curbed bacillus; comma shaped

Strepto-

Chains

Staphylo-

Clusters

Bacillus found stacked side by side

Palisade

All bacteria possess a flagellum. (T/F)

False

Flagellum is a tail-like appendage composed of a protein called ___

Flagellin

Flagellum allow bacteria to ___

Move

Bacteria that possess a flagella are called ____

Motile

Bacteria that do NOT possess a flagella are called____

Nonmotile

montrichous

single flagellum

Lophotrichous

cluster of flagella at one or both ends

Amphitrichous

flagella at both poles of the cell

Peritrichous

flagella distributed over the entire cell

Flagella can only be seen with what type of microscope?

Electron

Movements of flagellated bacteria is called ___

Taxis

run

Movement in straight like; flagella all move counter-clockwise

Tumble

Turn; flagella all move clockwise

positive taxis

Bacteria attracted to something

negative taxis

Bacteria repelled by something

Pili function to anchor to surface of another structure. (T/F)

True

Pili allows conjugation. (T/F)

True

Conjugation

transfer of DNA between two bacterial cell connected by sex pili

Capsule is the ____ layer

Outermost

The capsule allows the cell to stick to surfaces of tissues. (T/F)

True

nonencapsulated bacteria cells are easier to "kill" in humans. (T/F)

True

The capsule is made up of a ____

Glycocalyx

Encapsulated bacteria

Posses capsule; may be more pathogenic; more difficult to destroy

Non-encapsulated bacteria

Lacks capsule; often not as pathogenic; destroyed more easily

Cell wall is the ___ layer

Middle

Cell well provides __ and __

Structure; strength

Cell wall composed of a ____ layer

Peptidoglycan

Cell wall is site of action for the antibiotic families ___ and __

Penicillins; cephalosporins

gram + has a ________ cell wall

Thick

Gram - has a ______ cell wall

Thin

Cell membrane is the ___ layer

Innermost

What is the hydrophobic portion of the cell membrane?

Fatty acid tails

What is the hydrophilic portion of the cell membrane?

Phosphate heads

What is the function of a membrane protein?

Structure; may also act as channels

What is the function of peripheral proteins?

Receptors on the outside; enzymes on the inside

What are the functions of the cell membrane?

Regulate what enters and exits the cell; aid in energy production

Ribosomes are involved in the synthesis of ___

Proteins

Some bacterial ribosomes produce ___

Toxins

Toxins are how all bacteria does damage. (T/F)

True

3 antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis:

Streptomycin; erythromycin; tetracycline

Bacterial chromosomes are found in the ___

Nucleoid

Plasmids are found ___ from the nucleoid.

Separate