DC History Unit 5 Test Review

What is the time period?

Reconstruction

13 Amendment:

Freed slaves

14th Amendment:

Citizenship, no state… abridge privileges on immunity deprive… due process nor deny equal protection

15th Amendment:

Right to vote for men

Cause of cholera outbreak (causing people to move; violate 14th amendment):

after war, diarrhea was thrown in the river

Dual Citizenship

state and federal

Cruikshank vs USA (Coalfax, LA)

(democrats are given a canon and slaves are having to fight) Supreme Court rules that states have authority (purview), not fed gov

Plessy vs Ferguson (1896)

Jim Crow laws - vote to segregate railroads but Plessy pushes to put it to the Supreme Court

* Separate but not equal

Response to 15th amendment

Booker T Washington writes “Up From Slavery”

* focus on trade education, not liberal arts
* does NOT push for equality

Reasons Washington could not push for equality:

1. lynching


1. couldn’t raise money

1895 Atlanta Compromise:

“as separate of the fingers, but as the hand”

W.E. Dubois

goes to “Fist University” and is the 1st AA to get a PHD from Harvard

* son dies
* racism gets worse
* pushes for immediate equality

Niagra Movement fails because

1. no money
2. division

William Walling (journalist)

is on a speaking tour and met people to make NAACP

The Crisis

written by Walling and Dubois

* promised $10,000 to study lynching
* never get money

Waco Horror

In Golinda/Robinson, Lucie gets beat to death and Jessie Washington “confesses” and is lynched with 10,000 people watching him

Houston Cronicle

blows up story of Waco Horror

Elizabeth Freeman

covers Waco Horror to “educate about lynching horror”

Helen Hunt Jackson

1. writes Ramona, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, and The Century of Dishonor
2. is sympathetic to Native Americans

Buffalo Bill Cody

kills buffalo and exploits Natives

“kill the Indian, save the man”

Carlisle School will attempt to

Dawes Act

ends tribal identity

increase of?

mining of gold, silver, and copper

Corporations

can do what individuals cannot

Cattle

will cause boom and enters the idea of the west

1862 Homestead Act

Frees land in West

* for 5 years, shows improvement
* no control of crop prices
* bad things happen

Joseph Glidden

introduces idea of Barbed Wire and property lines

The Grange

cooperative organization to help Farmers come together

* talked about weather, politics, etc.

Bonanza Farms

Over 3000 acres yet never made hardly any money

Union Pacific

East to West with Irish people

Central Pacific

West with Chinese people

Railroad brought

settlement to west

Sears and Roebuck

introduce the catalog (consumerism)

Stock Watering

pressure to inflate the value of your company (lies)

Price fix

all raising the price so people have to pay more

Secret Rebate

certain people get lower prices

Interstate Commerce Act

1st time the federal government regulates business

* Will prohibit rebates
* Gov has to come in to force a lot of things

Thomas Edison

Commercialized Products and CEO

Andrew Carnegie

poor; textiles to railroad

Insider Information

making *investment decisions* based on insider information *before anyone knows*.

Carnegie will

Make *telegraph* in his house and builds an *iron bridge* across Mississippi

Bessemer Process

iron is made into steel

* *Mass production*
* *lighter/stronger*
* *Pittsburgh, PA*

Vertical Integration

the combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies.

Gospel of Wealth

* **Carnegie will try to give his money away. → gives buildings to communities (libraries)**

Rockefeller is

two-faced → one is very religious, the other is evil

Edwin Drake

drills oil

Rockefeller will

move to refining oil → kerosene

**Standard** **Oil**:

* *Monopoly*
* fair price; high quality.

Horizontal Integration

focusing on one part of the industry 

Rockefeller then

focused on “refining”.

J.P. Morgan

(born rich) = investment banker

America gets its money from

J.P. Morgan

R is for

railroad

O is for

oil - Rockefeller and Standard Oil

S is for

steel - Carnegie and his disruptions

E is for

electricity - Edison 

Labor Unions

protect the people

* Make things equal
* Strike
* Ask for pay, hours, conditions
* Conditions are so bad

1st Strike

*aka Great R.R. Strike*

* Wages are cut in the middle of economic downturn
* Ops will break up the fighting

Skilled Workers

their skills are needed so they have more power

Unskilled Workers

* skills are not needed, so they’re irrelevant

Knights of Labor

* invites unskilled workers and are very utopian 
* *Goal*: own and control company on behalf of the workers

HayMarket Square Bombing

Meeting because of revenge posters

* ends in bombing

Albert Parsons

* Went to Baylor
* Ran out of Texas by marrying an African American woman


* Parsons will go underground after speech even though he wasn’t there
* “It was Parsons who caused this!”

HayMarket Square Bombing Ending

* Bomb goes off and 66 people are wounded & 7 people die
* Parsons and 7 other people are convicted
* Terrible violence against Police
* Destroys Night of Labor

American Federation of Labor

made up of skilled workers who must work in a closed shop

* Racist

Closed Shop

has to be part of Labor Union

De-skilling

reducing level of skill

Bisset Strike

Carnegie leaves Frick to deal with mess of destroying labor unions

Pullman Strike

In this company town, the workers’ wages are cut but not costs → STRIKE

Sherman Anti-trust Act

meant to stop the monopolies that restrain trade 

* Applied to Debs and Pullman Stikers 

After Lincoln dies

Johnson is put in

Under Johnson

* The grange
* mining
* farming, cattle
* Homestead Act (160 acres)
* Bonanza
* Rain Road

U.S. Grant

* instrumental in keeping country together
* Passes Force Act to end power of KKK

NA Bureau chief

* Steals millions
* Jay Gould will go and buy up gold


* Paper money = gold money
* STOP ISSUING GOLD
* Limited in supply yet continues to bid it up 

Credit Mobilier

RR bribed congressmen to build transcont. RR

Rutherford Hayes

* Comp of 1877
* Waved his bloody shirt to get in office
* Dems will compromise and allow a Rep President

Election of 1880

* massive coup 
* Half-breeds
* Mug-wumps
* Stalwarts

James Garfield

(half breed) - Ohio (republican)

* Makes Chet Arthur (Stalwart) VP
* killed by bullet wound

Pendleton Act

creates a civil service exam where merit trump's Favoritism

Election of 1884 Candidates

* James Blaine (R)
* Grover Cleavland (D) 

Cleavland is hurt by

by the growth of Populist Party (represenst the downs and outs)

The Populist Party

has to win election of 1886, if rep lose election, the populists win control