Quick Review - APUSH Unit 1

Maize

Staple crop from Mesoamerica; supported dense civilizations and Pueblo irrigation.

Columbian Exchange

Trans-Atlantic transfer of plants/animals/diseases/people after 1492, reshaping demography and economies.

Encomienda

Spanish labor grant extracting tribute from Natives in return for “protection”/Christianization.

Bartolomé de Las Casas

Dominican critic of Native exploitation; advocated reform of Spanish colonial policy.

Mestizo

Person of mixed Spanish and Native ancestry; part of New World caste system.

New France

Low-population, fur-trade colonies relying on Native alliances; Quebec 1608.

New Netherland

Dutch fur/commerce colony at New Amsterdam; taken by English (becomes New York).

Jamestown (1607)

First permanent English colony; struggled until tobacco economy.

Headright System

Land grants to attract settlers; expanded plantations.

House of Burgesses

First elected assembly in British North America (VA, 1619).

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

Frontier revolt vs VA elites; accelerated shift from indenture to racial slavery.

Puritans

Sought to purify Anglican Church; founded Massachusetts Bay (1630).

“City upon a Hill”

Winthrop’s vision of a model godly community.

Half-Way Covenant

Partial church membership to keep influence amid declining zeal.

Roger Williams

Advocated church

Anne Hutchinson

Challenged clergy; antinomian controversy; exiled to RI.

Pennsylvania

William Penn’s Quaker colony; religious toleration, fairer Native relations, thriving ports.

Barbados Slave Code

Harsh legal framework for slavery in Caribbean; influenced Carolinas.

Stono Rebellion (1739)

Slave uprising in SC; led to stricter slave codes.

Mercantilism

Colonies exist to enrich mother country; regulate trade to keep wealth within empire.

Navigation Acts

English trade laws channeling colonial commerce through England on English ships.

Salutary Neglect

Loose enforcement enabling colonial self-rule and smuggling.

Dominion of New England

James II’s consolidation of NE colonies; ended by Glorious Revolution.

Glorious Revolution (1688)

Limited monarchy; colonists reassert assemblies, curb royal governors.

Georgia (Oglethorpe)

Buffer & debtor refuge; initial bans on slavery/liquor later reversed.