Honors U.S. History: Chapter 33 Quiz (C,D,F)

term used by FDR in 1932 acceptance speech that came to describe his whole reform program

New Deal

FDR's reform-minded intellectual advisers, who conceived much of the New Deal legislation

Brain Trust

popular term for the special session of Congress in early 1933 that passed vast quantities of Roosevelt-initiated legislation

Hundred Days Congress

the early New Deal agency that worked to solve the problems of unemployment and conservation by employing youth in reforestation and other socially beneficial tasks

Civil Conservation Corps (CCC)

large federal employment program, established in 1935 under Harry Hopkins, that provided jobs in areas from road building to art

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

widely displayed symbol of the National Recovery Administration (NRA), which attempted to reorganize and reform U.S. industry

Blue Eagle

New Deal farm agency that attempted to raise prices by paying farmers to reduce their production of crops and animals

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

the drought-stricken plains areas from which hundreds of thousands of "Okies" were driven during the Great Depression

Dust Bowl

New Deal agency that aroused strong conservative criticism by producing low-cost electrical power in competition with private utilities

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

New Deal program that financed old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and other forms of income assistance

Social Security

the new union group that organized large numbers of unskilled workers with the help of the Wagner Act and the National Labor Relations Board

Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO)

New Deal agency established to provide a public watchdog against deception and fraud in stock trading

Securities and Exchange Committee (SEC)

organization of wealthy Republicans and conservative Democrats whose attacks on the New Deal caused Roosevelt to denounce them as "economic royalists" in the campaign of 1936

American Liberty League

Roosevelt's scheme for gaining Supreme Court approval of New Deal legislation

Court-packing plan

Law of 1939 that prevented federal officials from engaging in campaign activities or using federal relief funds for political purposes

Hatch Act

Republican who carried only two states in a futile campaign against "The Champ" in 1936

Alfred M. Landon

The "microphone messiah" of Michigan whose mass radio appeals turned anti-New Deal and anti-Semitic

Father Coughlin

Writer whose best-selling novel portrayed the suffering of dust bowl "Okies" in the Thirties

John Steinbeck

Supreme Court justice whose "switch in time" to support New Deal legislation helped undercut FDR's Court-packing scheme

Owen Roberts

Presidential wife who became an effective lobbyist for the poor during the New Deal

Eleanor Roosevelt

Louisiana senator and popular mass agitator who promised to make "every man a king" at the expense of the wealthy

Huey ("Kingfish") Long

Former New York governor who roused the nation to action against the depression with his appeal to the "forgotten man"

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Roosevelt's secretary of labor, America's first female cabinet member

Francis Perkins

Prominent 1930s social scientist who argued that each culture produced its own type of personality

Ruth Benedict

Former New York social worker who became an influential FDR adviser and head of several New Deal agencies

Harry Hopkins

Former bull moose progressive who spent billions of dollars on public building projects while carefully guarding against waste

Harold Ickes

Roosevelt-declared closing of all U.S. financial institutions on March 6-10, 1933, in order to stop panic and prepare reforms

Banking holiday

British economist whose theories helped justify New Deal deficit spending

John Maynard Keynes

Supreme Court ruling of 1935 that struck down a major New Deal industry-and-labor agency

Schecter case

Domineering boss of the mine workers' union who launched the CIO

John L. Lewis

Cause: The "lame-duck" period from November 1932 to March 1933

Effect: Caused a political paralysis that nearly halted the U.S. economy

Cause: Roosevelt's leadership during the Hundred Days

Effect: Pushed a remarkable number of laws through Congress and restored the nation's confidence

Cause: The Civilian Conservation Corps, the Works Progress Administration, and the Civil Works Administration

Effect: Provided federal jobs for unemployed workers in conservation, construction, the arts, and other areas

Cause: New Deal farm programs like the AAA

Effect: Succeeded in raising farm prices but met strong opposition from many conservatives

Cause: The Tennessee Valley Authority

Effect: Provided federal economic planning, conservation, cheap electricity, and jobs to a poverty-stricken region

Cause: The Wagner (National Labor Relations) Act

Effect: Encouraged the CIO to organize large numbers of unskilled workers

Cause: FDR's political appeals to workers, African Americans, southerners, and "New Immigrants"

Effect: Forged a powerful political coalition that made the Democrats the majority party

Cause: The Supreme Court's conservative rulings against New Deal legislation

Effect: Caused Roosevelt to propose a plan to "pack" the Supreme Court

Cause: Roosevelt's attempt to "pack" the Supreme Court

Effect: May have pushed the Court toward more liberal rulings but badly hurt FDR politically

Cause: The rapid cutback in federal "pump-priming" spending in 1937

Effect: Caused a sharp "Roosevelt Depression" that brought unemployment back up to catastrophic levels

Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)

looked for immediate relief rather than long-term alleviation. Headed by Harry L. Hopkins.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

made available many millions of dollars to help farmers meet their mortgages. Paid farmers to reduce their crop acreage to eliminate surpluses.

Civil Works Administration (CWA)

established in 1933 to provide temporary jobs

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

put 11 million on thousands of public buildings, bridges, etc. and gave 9 million people jobs.

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

designed to assist industry, labor, and the unemployed.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

provide employment for about 3 million uniformed young men.