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Coral bleaching
When too warm water causes corals to expel the algae living in their tissues, causing them to turn completely white.
Zooxanthellae
Algae that live in coral tissues and provide food and energy through photosynthesis.
Rising sea levels
The average increase in the water level of the Earth's oceans.
Climate change
Long-term shifts in temperature and weather patterns.
Ozone layer depletion
The thinning of the ozone layer present in the upper atmosphere.
Urbanization
The process of making an area urban.
Ocean acidification
The increasing acidity of ocean water due to rising carbon dioxide levels.
Air pollution
Contamination of the environment by chemicals, physical agents, or biological agents.
Deforestation
The loss of trees due to human activity.
Soil erosion
The process wherein water or wind detaches and removes soil particles.
Loss of biodiversity
The decline of biological diversity within an ecosystem.
Land pollution
The deposition of solid or liquid waste on land.
Marine heatwaves
Prolonged periods of excessively high sea surface temperatures.
Great Barrier Reef
A globally significant coral reef system, suffering from mass coral bleaching.
Anthropocentric worldview
A human-centered approach prioritizing human interests and profits.
Ecocentric worldview
A perspective that prioritizes the value of all living organisms and the ecosystem.
Colloquialism
Informal language used in everyday conversation.
Greenhouse gases
Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to climate change.
Coral reefs
Underwater ecosystems characterized by reef-building corals.
Aquifer depletion
The loss of groundwater supplies due to over-extraction for human use.
Chemical runoff
Chemicals washed off from agricultural or urban areas into water bodies.
Sustainable agriculture
Farming practices that maintain soil health and ecosystem integrity.
Carbon footprint
The total greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual or organization.
Fossil fuels
Natural substances like coal and gas burned for energy, contributing to pollution.
Biodiversity hotspots
Regions with significant levels of biodiversity that are under threat.
Conservation
The protection and preservation of natural resources and biodiversity.
Ecosystem services
Benefits that humans derive from ecosystems, including clean air and water.
Global warming
The long-term heating of Earth’s climate system due to human activities.
Eutrophication
Nutrient enrichment of water bodies, leading to excessive growth of algae.
Sea level rise
An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to climate change.
Habitat loss
Destruction or alteration of natural environments that organisms depend on.
Pollution
The introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment.
Waste management
The collection, transport, processing, recycling, or disposal of waste.
Conservation biology
A field of biology focused on the study and protection of biodiversity.
Endangered species
Species at risk of extinction due to various factors, including habitat loss.
Alternatives to fossil fuels
Renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and hydropower.
Sustainable development
Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations.
Agricultural runoff
Water from farms that carries pesticides and fertilizers into waterways.
Deforestation effects
Loss of habitat, reduced biodiversity, and contribution to global warming.
Soil fertility
The ability of soil to provide essential nutrients for plant growth.
Resilience
The capacity of ecosystems to recover from disturbances.
Carbon emissions
Release of carbon, especially CO2, into the atmosphere from various sources.
Microplastics
Tiny plastic particles that harm marine life and ecosystems.
Water cycle
The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.
BOLTSS
A method for analyzing maps, including Border, Orientation, Legend, Title, Scale, and Source.
Thematic maps
Maps that focus on a specific theme or data representation.
Topographic maps
Maps that show elevation and landforms.
Choropleth maps
Maps that use color or shading to represent data densities.
Climate maps
Show climatic data and long-term weather patterns.
Synoptic maps
Display weather conditions for a particular time across a wide area.
Ecological footprint
A measure of human demand on Earth's ecosystems.
Greenbelt
An area of open land around a city, designated for environmental protection.
Environmental regulations
Laws aimed at protecting the environment from harmful practices.
Resource depletion
The consumption of a resource faster than it can be replenished.
Renewable resources
Natural resources that can be replenished naturally over time.
Non-renewable resources
Resources that do not replenish at a sustainable rate.
Miranda Gibson and her protest
Miranda Gibson spent 449 days living in a tree in Tasmania’s Styx Valley to protect it from logging.
New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale
A set of 15 statements used by researchers to evaluate people's environmental perspectives.
Human-centred world view
A perspective that prioritizes human needs, often believing humans are the most important beings.
Earth-centred world view
A perspective that prioritizes the preservation of the Earth’s biodiversity and values all living organisms equally.
Ecocentric worldview
Belief that humans should minimize their impact on the Earth and protecting biodiversity is essential.
Biocentric worldview
Belief that all species have an equal right to exist and humans have a responsibility to use resources sustainably.
Views on environmental challenges
Differing beliefs about the environment are influenced by factors like education, location, and individual experiences.
Logging in Tasmania’s Styx Valley
A contentious issue with supporters and opponents divided over environmental preservation versus economic gain.
Common criticisms against environmental activists
Critics may protest against activists like Gibson by emphasizing economic interests, such as logging.
Leonardo DiCaprio quote
Expresses a commitment to radical change and environmental conservation.
Donald Trump quote
Reflects skepticism regarding manmade climate change.
Jane Goodall quote
Highlights the importance of awareness and thoughtful action regarding environmental impacts.
Greenhouse gases
Gases that trap some of the Sun’s energy within the atmosphere, causing temperatures to rise.
Main greenhouse gases
Carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels such as coal. 2. Methane from large-scale farming of livestock. 3. Nitrous oxide from the use of fertilizers. 4. Fluorinated gases from refrigerators and solvents.
Global warming
The rise in temperatures due to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases.
Climate change impacts on ecosystems
Changes in ecosystems due to climate change include altered rainfall patterns, melting ice, rising sea levels, and increased frequency of severe weather events.
Responses of ecosystems to climate change
Change in biology (e.g., reproduction). 2. Change in timing of events (e.g., flowering). 3. Extinction of species. 4. Migration towards the poles or higher altitudes.
Effects of rising temperatures on species
Plants and animals may reproduce less, flower at different times, face extinction, or move to new habitats.
Pollution
Any substance released into the environment that has harmful or poisonous effects, reducing the ability of the natural environment to provide ecosystem services.
Air pollution
Contamination of the atmosphere through the release of harmful gases and small particles, which can occur locally or on a global scale.
Water pollution
The contamination of rivers, lakes, wetlands, estuaries, seas, and oceans through the release of harmful substances.
Land pollution
The contamination of areas of land through the release of harmful substances, which can lead to soil contamination and affect groundwater.
Example of air pollution
Air pollution in Santiago, Chile, where pollution from factories, vehicles, and houses is trapped by the Andes Mountains.
Causes of water pollution
Human activities such as shipping, deep-sea oil drilling, farming (using fertilizers and pesticides), and industrial waste.
Effects of pesticides on the environment
Pesticides can kill beneficial organisms like bees, reducing pollination and setting off a chain of negative environmental impacts.
Sources of land pollution
Localized sites of contamination such as old petrol stations, mines, and landfills, as well as larger-scale issues like increased soil salinity.
Consequences of pollution on ecosystem services
Pollution diminishes the natural environment's ability to provide clean air, water, and other essential services.
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