Upper Extremity

What are the origin points for the Trapezius?

Medial 1/3 fo superior nuchal line, EOP, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7-T12

What are the insertion points for Trapezius?

Lateral 1/3rd of the clavicle, scapular spine, and acromion

What nerves innervate Trapezius?

Accessory nerve (XI), ventral rami of 3rd and 4th cervical nerves

What are the actions of the Trapezius?

-Raises, retracts, and rotates the scapula

-Bilateral contraction of upper fibers extend the head

-Ipsilateral contraction laterally flexes the head and cervical vertebrae

What are the origin points for Latissimus Dorsi?

Thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes of the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, all 5 lumber vertebrae, sacrum, iliac crest, and lower 3 or 4 ribs

What is the insertion for Latissimus Dorsi?

Floor of intertubercular groove

What nerve innervates Latissimus Dorsi?

Thoracodorsal n.

What are the actions of Latissimus Dorsi?

Adduction, extension, and medial rotation of the humerus

What is the origin of Rhomboid Major?

Spinous processes of T2-T5 thoracic vertebrae

What is the insertion of Rhomboid Major?

Medial border of scapula between the spine and inferior angle

What nerve innervates Rhomboid Major?

Dorsal scapular n.

What are the actions of Rhomboid Major?

-Retraction of the scapula

-Elevation of medial border of scapula

-Downward rotation of scapula

What is the origin of Rhomboid Minor?

Spinous processes of C7-T1

What is the insertion of Rhomboid Minor?

Between the root of the scapular spine and the superior angle of the scapula, above rhomboid major

What nerve innervates Rhomboid Minor?

Dorsal scapular n.

What are the actions of Rhomboid Minor?

-Retraction of the scapula

-Elevation of medial border of the scapula

-Downward rotation of the scapula

What is the origin of Levator Scapulae

Posterior tubercles of the TPs of C1-C3/C4

What is the insertion of Levator Scapulae?

Superior angle of the scapula

What nerves innervate Levator Scapulae?

Dorsal scapular n. And ventral rami of C3 and C4

What are the actions of Levator Scapulae?

-Downward rotation of scapula

-Elevates and retracts scapula with trapezius

-Laterally flexes neck if scapula is fixed

What are the origin points of Deltoideus?

-Anterior Head: lateral 1/3rd of the clavicle

-Middle Head: acromion

-Posterior Head: spine of the scapula

What is the insertion of Deltoideus?

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

What nerve innervates Deltoideus?

Axillary n.

What are the actions o Deltoideus?

-Abduction after the first 15 degrees

-Anterior head flexes and medially rotates the humerus

-Posterior head extends and laterally rotates the humerus

What is the origin of Subscapularis?

Subscapular fossa of the scapula

What is the insertion of Subscapularis?

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

What nerves innervate Subscapularis?

Upper and lower subscapular n.

What are the actions of Subscapularis?

Medial rotation of the humerus

What is the origin of Supraspinatus?

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

What is the insertion of Supraspinatus?

Superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

What nerve innervates Supraspinatus

Suprascapular n.

What are the actions of Supraspinatus?

-Initiates abduction of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint

-Laterally rotates the humerus when decelerating the arm in a throwing motion

What is the origin of Infraspinatus?

Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

What is the insertion of Infraspinatus?

Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

What nerve innervates Infraspinatus?

Suprascapular n.

What are the actions of Infraspinatus?

Lateral rotation of the humerus

What is the origin of Teres Minor?

Upper part of the lateral border of the scapula

What is the insertion of Teres Minor?

Inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

What nerve innervates Teres Minor?

Axillary n.

What are the actions of Teres Minor?

Lateral rotation of the humerus

What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, and Subscapularis

What is the origin of Teres Major?

Lower lateral border and inferior angle of the scapula

What is the insertion of Teres Major?

Medial lip of the intertubercular groove

What nerve innervates Teres Major?

Lower subscapular n.

What contents can be found in the Triangular Space?

Circumflex scapular artery

What contents can be found in the Quadrangular Space?

-Axillary nerve

-Posterior numeral circumflex artery

-Upper lateral brachial cutaneous nerve

What contents can be found in the Triangular Interval?

-Radial nerve

-Profunda brachii artery

What are the actions of muscles innervated by the C6 spinal level?

Adduction, Extension, and Medial Rotation

What are the actions of muscles innervated by the C5 spinal level?

Abduction, Flexion, and Lateral Rotation

What muscles are innervated by the C5 spinal level?

Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor, Deltoid, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and Teres Minor

What muscles are innervated by the C6 spinal level?

Latissimus Dorsi, Subscapularis, and Teres Major

What are the origin points of Pectoralis Major?

-Clavicular head: medial 1/3rd of the clavicle

-Sternal head: costal margin of the sternum and the 2nd-6th costal cartilage

What is the insertion of Pectoralis Major?

Lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus

What nerves innervate Pectoralis Major?

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

What are the actions of Pectoralis Major?

-Adduction of the arm

-Flexes an extended arm

-Extends a flexed arm

-Medial rotation of the arm

What is the origin of Pectoralis Minor?

Ribs 2 to 6

What is the insertion of Pectoralis Minor?

Coracoid process of scapula

What nerves innervate Pectoralis Minor?

Medial and Lateral Nerve

What are the actions of Pectoralis Minor?

Protracts the scapula and elevates the ribs

What is the origin of Subclavius?

Superior surface of the first rib near the costocartilage junction

What is the insertion of Subclavius?

Middle 1/3rd of the clavicle

What nerve innervates Subclavius?

n. To Subclavius

What are the actions of Subclavius?

Depress the clavicle

What are the origins of Serratus Anterior?

Upper 9 ribs

What are the insertions of Serratus Anterior?

Ventral aspect of the medial border of the scapula

What nerve innervates Serratus Anterior?

Long thoracic n.

What are the actions of Serratus Anterior?

Protracts the scapula and upward rotation of the glenoid fossa

What contents are found in the Deltopectoral Triangle?

-Thoracoacromial artery

-Cephalic vein

-Lateral pectoral nerve

What roots form the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

C5 and C6

What roots form the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?

C7

What roots form the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

C8 and T1

What nerves come off of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

-Dorsal scapular nerve

-Suprascapular nerve

-Nerve to Subclavius

What nerves come off of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

Long thoracic nerve

How many divisions of the brachial plexus trunks are there?

6 (3 anterior and 3 posterior)

What nerve roots form the Lateral Cord?

C5, C6, and C7

What nerve roots form the Medial Cord?

C8 and T1

What nerve roots form the Posterior Cord?

C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1

What nerve is derived from the Lateral Cord of the brachial plexus?

Lateral pectoral nerve

What nerves are derived from the Medial Cord of the brachial plexus?

-Medial pectoral nerve

-Medial brachial cutaneous nerve

-Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

What nerves are derived from the Posterior Cord of the brachial plexus?

-Upper subscapular nerve

-Thoracodorsal nerve

-Lower subscapular nerve

What terminal branch does the lateral cord become?

Musculocutaneus nerve

What terminal branch does the medial cord become?

Ulnar nerve

How is the median nerve formed?

From the lateral root of the median nerve coming off the lateral cord and the medial root of the median nerve coming off the medial cord

What terminal branches form from the Posterior Cord?

Axillary nerve and Radial nerve

What nerve roots are innervated by the Musculocutaneus Nerve?

C5, C6, and C7

What nerve roots are innervated by the Median Nerve?

C6, C7, C8 and T1

What nerve roots are innervated by the Ulnar Nerve?

C7, C8, and T1

What nerve roots are innervated by the Axillary Nerve?

C5 and C6

What nerve roots are innervated by the Radial Nerve?

C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1

What is the origin for the biceps brachii?

-Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

-Short head: Coracoid process of the scapula

What is the insertion for biceps brachii?

Radial tuberosity of radius

What nerve innervates biceps brachii?

Musculocutaneous nerve

What are the actions of biceps brachii?

-Supinates the arm

-Flexes the forearm when the elbow is extended and the foreman supiunated

-Stabilizer of the glenohumeral joint

What is the origin for the coracobrachialis?

Coracoid process of the scapula

What is the insertion for coracobrachialis?

Medial surface of the middle of the humerus

What nerve innervates coracobrachialis?

Musculocutaneous nerve

What are the actions of coracobrachialis?

flexion and weak adduction of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint

What is the origin for brachialis?

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

What is the insertion for brachialis?

Ulnar tuberosity and the anterior surface of the coronoid process

What nerve innervates brachialis?

Musculocutaneous nerve