Understanding Lipids and Their Role in Human Nutrition

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30 Terms

1

Lipids

Includes triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.

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2

Triglycerides

Most common fat, 9 calories per gram.

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3

Adipocytes

Fat cells that store triglycerides.

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4

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in fats.

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5

Eicosanoids

Hormones acting as chemical messengers.

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6

Cell membranes

Composed of lipids, essential for cell structure.

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7

Cholesterol

Building block of hormones and bile acids.

<p>Building block of hormones and bile acids.</p>
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8

Saturated Fat

Solid at room temperature, animal origin.

<p>Solid at room temperature, animal origin.</p>
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9

Unsaturated Fat

Liquid at room temperature, plant origin.

<p>Liquid at room temperature, plant origin.</p>
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10

Trans Fat

Artificial fats found in processed foods.

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11

Monounsaturated Fat

One double bond, healthier fat type.

<p>One double bond, healthier fat type.</p>
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12

Polyunsaturated Fat

Multiple double bonds, liquid at room temperature.

<p>Multiple double bonds, liquid at room temperature.</p>
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13

Essential Fatty Acids

Must be obtained from diet for health.

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14

Alpha-linolenic acid

Omega-3 fatty acid from plant sources.

<p>Omega-3 fatty acid from plant sources.</p>
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15

Linoleic acid

Omega-6 fatty acid from animal sources.

<p>Omega-6 fatty acid from animal sources.</p>
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16

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

Converted from ALA, beneficial for heart health.

<p>Converted from ALA, beneficial for heart health.</p>
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17

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Converted from ALA, supports brain health.

<p>Converted from ALA, supports brain health.</p>
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18

Lecithin

Phospholipid acting as an emulsifier.

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19

Bile

Emulsifies fats in the small intestine.

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20

LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein)

Bad cholesterol, promotes atherosclerosis.

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21

HDL (High Density Lipoprotein)

Good cholesterol, reduces cardiovascular disease risk.

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22

Lipoprotein

Transport vehicle for lipids in blood.

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23

Atherosclerosis

Plaque buildup in arteries, increases heart disease risk.

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24

Myocardial infarction

Heart attack due to blocked blood flow.

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25

Cerebrovascular accident

Stroke caused by blood clot in brain.

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26

Plant Sterols

Cholesterol-like substances from plants, lower LDL.

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27

Statins

Medications that reduce cholesterol synthesis.

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28

Fibrates

Medications that lower triglyceride levels.

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29

Olestra

Indigestible fat, causes gastrointestinal issues.

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30

Lipogenesis

Conversion of excess carbohydrates into fat.

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