GCSE PE Paper 1

What is agility?

The ability to move and change direction quickly at speed while maintaining control.

What is balance?

The ability to keep the body stable by maintaining the centre of mass over the base of support.

What is cardiovascular endurance?

The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles.

What is coordination?

The ability to use two or more different parts of the body together, smoothly and efficiently.

What is flexibility?

The range of movement possible at a joint.

What is muscular endurance?

The ability of a muscle/muscle group to undergo repeated contractions avoiding fatigue.

What is power?

The product of strength and speed.

What is reaction time?

The time taken to start responding to a stimulus.

What is strength?

The ability to overcome resistance.

What is speed?

The maximum rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance in a period of time.

What is circuit training?

Involves a series of exercises called stations, which are completed one after another with a brief rest in between.

What is continuous training?

Involves working for a sustained period of time without rest.

What is fartlek training?

Involves periods of fast work with intermittent periods of slower work.

What is interval training?

Involves alternating between periods of work and periods of rest.

What is HIIT (High Intensity Interval Training)?

Involves alternating between short periods of intense work and periods of active recovery.

What is static stretching?

Involves holding a stretch still for up to 30 seconds.

What is weight training?

Involves using weights or resistance to cause adaptations of the muscles.

What is plyometric training?

Involves high impact exercises.

What does ‘S’ in SPORT stand for?

Specificity.

What does ‘PO’ in SPORT stand for?

Progressive Overload.

What does ‘R’ in SPORT stand for?

Reversibility.

What does ‘T’ in SPORT stand for?

Tedium.

What is specificity?

Making training specific to the sport or activity being played.

What is progressive overload?

Gradually increasing the amount of overload so that fitness gains occur, without the potential of injury.

What is reversibility?

Fitness levels are lost when you stop exercising.

What is tedium?

The boredom that can occur from training the same way every time.

What does frequency (FITT) refer to?

How often you train.

What does intensity (FITT) refer to?

How hard you train.

What does time (FITT) refer to?

How long you train for.

What does type (FITT) refer to?

The specific method of training.

What are 3 ways of preventing injury?

Do not over train, have rest, and keep hydrated.

What does pre-season/preparation focus on?

Aerobic fitness, strength, muscular endurance.

What does competitive season focus on?

Maintaining fitness levels, avoiding training too much, improving skills.

What does post-season focus on?

Rest and recover, take part in light aerobic training.

What are flat bones?

Large bones that protect vital organs.

What are long bones?

Bones that enable gross movement.

What are short bones?

Bones that enable finer, controlled movements.

What are irregular bones?

Bones made to protect.

What are the bones at the shoulder?

Scapula, clavicle, humerus.

What are the bones at the elbow?

Humerus, radius, ulna.

What are the bones at the hip?

Pelvis and femur.

What are the bones at the knee?

Femur, patella, fibula, tibia.

What are the bones at the ankle?

Tibia, fibula, talus.

What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?

Support, protection of vital organs, movement, blood cell production, storage of minerals, shape and structure.

What is a synovial joint?

An area of a body where two or more articulating bones meet.

What are tendons?

Tissues that attach muscle to bone.

What are ligaments?

Tissues that attach bone to bone.

What are the 2 types of synovial joints?

Ball and socket joint and hinge joint.

What is extension?

Increase in the angle of bones at a joint.

What is flexion?

Decrease in the angle of bones at a joint.

What is abduction?

Movement of a bone or limb away from the midline of the body.

What is adduction?

Movement of a bone or limb towards the midline of the body.

What is circumduction?

Movement of a bone or limb in a circular pattern.

What is rotation?

A circular movement around an axis.

What is plantar flexion?

Movement at the ankle joint that points the toes and increases the angle at the ankle joint.

What is dorsiflexion?

Movement at the ankle joint that flexes the foot upwards and decreases the angle at the ankle joint.

Example of flexion?

Bicep curl - The elbow flexes when lifting the weight up.

Example of extension?

Kicking a football - The knee extends when striking a ball.

Example of abduction?

Performing a star jump - The arms and legs go outwards.

Example of adduction?

Jumping Jack - Bringing your arms up.

Example of circumduction?

A cricket bowler - Moving their arm in a circular position to deliver the ball.

Example of rotation?

Golfer - When swinging the club.

Example of plantar flexion?

Basketball - A player jumping to shoot or for a rebound.

Example of dorsiflexion?

A sprinter - Lifting their toes up at the starting blocks.

What are the muscles at the shoulder?

Deltoid, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, biceps, triceps.

What are the muscles at the elbow?

Biceps and triceps.

What are the muscles at the hip?

Gluteals and hip flexors.

What are the muscles at the knee?

Quadriceps and hamstring.

What are the muscles at the ankle?

Tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius.

What is a prime mover?

The muscle or group of muscles that contract to create movement.

What is an antagonist?

The muscle or group of muscles that relax to allow a movement to take place.

What are 2 types of antagonistic pairs?

Biceps and triceps, quadriceps and hamstring.

What is isotonic contraction?

The muscle changes length while contracting.

What is isometric contraction?

The muscles contract but does not change length.

What is eccentric contraction?

Where the muscle contracts and lengthens.

What is concentric contraction?

Where the muscle contracts and shortens.

What are arteries?

Carries blood away from the heart.

What are veins?

Carries blood back to the heart.

What are capillaries?

Microscopic blood vessels that link the arteries to the veins.

What is the structure of arteries?

Thick muscular walls, high blood pressure, no valves, and small diameter.

What is the structure of veins?

Thinner walls, large diameter, low blood pressure, has valves, no backflow.

What is the structure of capillaries?

Microscopic blood vessels, thin walls, deoxygenated blood becomes oxygenated, allows CO2 and oxygen to pass through during gaseous exchange.

What is vasoconstriction?

The narrowing of the internal diameter of a blood vessel to decrease blood flow.

What is vasodilation?

The widening of the internal diameter of a blood vessel to increase blood flow.