Unit 7 assesment

cell

cell

Basic unit of life

nucleus

A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

Nucleolus

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

Prokaryote

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (bacteria, archaea)

Eukaryote

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (animal, plant, fungi, protists)

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

organelle

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

ribosome

site of protein synthesis, made of rRNA and proteins, small and large subunits, found in the cytoplasm and on the rough ER

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that helps manufacture and transport proteins and lipids

rough ER

ER that contains ribosomes, helps make proteins

smooth ER

ER that has no ribosomes, produces lipids & other molecules, breaks down toxins, lots in reproductive cells or liver

Golgi apparatus

system of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins, sends them outside the cell membrane or inside the cell, products travel through vesicles

vesicle

A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell.

central vacuole

vacuole: vesicle in the cytoplasm of a cell, in plant cells, stores water, food, proteins, salts, carbohydrates

lysosome

digestive enzymes, digests food in a food vacuole, destroys bacteria, recycles damaged organelles, auto digestion
kept in membrane bound sac: stop from destroying everything, allows to break down whats needed

Cytoskeleton

A network of long protein strands that helps the cell maintain shape and internal organization, made of mostly proteins, in animal in plant

flagella

whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to help with the movement of a cell, only in animals, 1-2 per cell

Chloroplast

in plant cells, uses photosynthesis to provide food and energy for the plant, CO2 and H2O use light energy to make food, glucose, and oxygen

Mitochondrion

in animal and plant cells, uses cellular respiration to make energy, C6H12O6 (glucose), and O2 in, ATP (energy a cell can use), CO2 and H2O produces, lots in brain and muscle cells; "powerhouse of the cell"

cell wall

strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells, made up of lipids and cellulose, in all cells BUT animals, protects the cell, provides structure, outside of plasma membrane

plasma/cell membrane

made of phospholipids, found in ALL CELLS, molecules inside are fluid, selectively permeable, provides protection and support

diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

passive transport

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

active transport

the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy

facilitated diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels, ones that cannot go directly through the membrane

protein channel

a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

hypertonic

Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution.

hypotonic

Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution

Endocytosis

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

Exocytosis

Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

concentration gradient

difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another

selective permeability

A property of a plasma membrane that allows some substances to cross more easily than others, chooses what can cross and what can't

Endosymbiosis

A theorized process in which early eukaryotic cells were formed from simpler prokaryotes.

phospholipid bilayer

A double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma membranes, hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tails

fluid mosaic model

model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane, made up of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins

cell theory

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells

features common to all cells

plasma membrane, DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes