Ocular Anatomy Units 7 & 8

Open Eye Injuries, Blunt Trauma & Penetrating Injuries

NEVER apply pressure, NO drops, NO anesthetics & add protective shield over eye

Causes of UV keratitis

Sun, Tanning Bed & Welding Arc

Chemical Injuries Treatment

Wash eyes 20 mins & Temporal to nasal

Metallic Foreign body removal

Alger brush to remove rust, no antibiotics & Anesthesia required

Immediate Attention

Central retinal artery occlusion, Central retinal vein occlusion, Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma, Chemical Injury, retinal detachment & Temporal arteritis

Same Day

Iritis & Inflammation

Same Week

Broken Glasses & Gradual loss of vision

Penetrating Injuries

Uveal tissue, Iris protruding & Flat anterior chamber

Autosomal Dominant

All Generations

Autosomal Recessive

Skips Generation

X-linked Recessive

Female Carriers but males may exhibit the disease

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy

Mitochondrial Inheritance

red/green deficiency

x-linked recessive

Glaucoma

multigenetic

Blepharitis

Inflammation of eyelids

Symptoms of Blepharitis

Dry eyes, Discomfort & flaky stuff on eyelids

Treatment of Blepharitis

Lid scrubs, Hot Compress & Bleph.Fx

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Inflammation of Meibomian Glands

Symptoms of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Dry Eyes & Discomfort

Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Lid Scrubs, Hot compress & ILux

Chalazion

Chronic Inflammation of Obstructed Meibomian Glands

Chalazion Symptoms

Swelling not painful

Chalazion Treatment

Steroid Injections, Kenalog & Surgical Excision

Hordeolum

Can be external or internal

Hordeolum Symptoms

Swelling & Mild pain

Hordeolum Treatment

Antibiotics

Ectropion

Outward turning of eyelid margin

Entropion

Inward turning of eyelid margin

Dermatochalasis

Excessive Eyelid Margin

Ectropion, Entropion & Dermatochalasis

no treatment needed but for visual appeal you may choose to do a surgical excision

Dry Eye Diseases

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction, Blepharitis, Conjunctivitis & Keratitis

Hordeolum Characteristics

Infection of meibomian gland

Bacterial conjunctivitis symptoms

Purulent & sticky

Bacterial Conjunctivitis Treatment

Antibiotics/oral/topical

Viral Conjunctivitis Symptoms

Watery & Red/pink eye

Viral Conjunctivitis Treatment

Steroids & Antivirals

Allergic Conjunctivitis Symptoms

Redness (hyperemia) & Swelling (Chemosis)

Allergic Conjunctivitis Treatment

Steroid Anti Allergic Drops

Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis

Allergic Conjunctivitis, Contact Lens & Large Papillae Cobblestone

EKC

Pink eye, common cold & more involvement of Conjunctiva

HSV

Virus & more involvement of lids than Conjunctiva

Pinguecula

yellow nodules of benign tissue

Pterygium

Triangular Growth on cornea

Pterygium Treatment

If desired surgery for cosmetic purposes

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

No treatment required & Resolves on own

Conjunctival Nevus

Just Monitor

Arcus Senilis

Peripheral Corneal Degeneration & check cholesterol

Microbial Keratitis

Corneal Ulcer (vision loss)

Treatment for Microbial Keratitis

Antibacterial, Antifungal & antiviral

Keratoconus Symptoms

Munson Sign & Irregular Astigmatism

Keratoconus Treatment

Contact Lens Surgery

Corneal Dystrophy

Inherited and treated by corneal transplant

Recurrent Corneal Erosions

Corneal Epithelium detaches, severe pain waking up treat with a pressure patch

Dacryoadenitis

Infection or Inflammation of Lacrimal Glands

Anterior Uveitis

Autoimmune disease may have pain & treated by steroids & cycloplegics

Keratic Precipitates

Sticky Deposits on the endothelium of cornea

Episcleritis

Bright red & mild pain

Scleritis

Purplish blue & HIGH pain

Uveal Melanoma & Retinoblastoma

Enucleation/RT

CHRPE

Monitor

Cataracts in kids

DO NOT TREAT unless causing amblyopia

Nuclear Sclerosis

most common, yellow/brownish color, due to aging

Ptosis

Drooping of eyelid

Proptosis

Forward displacement of eyeball & bulging of eyeball

Epiphora

Overproduction of tears

Floaters

Dark Spots, Flashes of light, Monitor, concern for retinal detachment, other cause for migraine

Sclera Buckle

Immediate Surgery

Myopia & Lattice degeneration

Risk

Drusen

See yellow detachments on eye, Calcium & monitor

Primary open Angle

Slow loss of vision, drops to lower iop & surgery for treatment (30-60)

Angle Closure

Acute loss of vision (40-60), symptoms include pain, vomiting & nausea.

Pigmentary

Slow loss of vision

Ocular Hypertension

increase IOP & No VF defects

ARMD dry

Drusen, Atrophy, Central Vision & smoking. Treat with vitamins

ARMD wet

Drusen, Atrophy, Central Vision, smoking & neovascularization. Treat with vitamins & AntiVGF injections