APUSH Unit 2 Flashcards

What’s the difference between the main objectives of the Dutch, French, Spanish, and British colonies?

• Spanish

  • Colonies to get wealth - agriculture, gold, silver

  • Used encomienda, then used africa

  • Caste system

  • Conversion/mission system

• French

  • Interested in water route to Asia

  • Busy persecuting protestants

  • Samuel de Champlain

    • Established Quebec

    • French had more TRADE than conquest

  • Many traders married natives for kinship ties

  • Ojibwe

    • Mutually beneficial relationship with French

• Dutch

  • Seeking water route to Asia

  • Henry Hudson

    • Hudson River named for him

  • New Amsterdam

    • Econ goals met

    • Protestant, but didn’t care about converting: money > converting

• British

  • Goal: econ

    • Wars w France, conquest of Ireland - need money

  • Enclosure Movement

    • Took land from everybody, sold to private parties

    • Peasants want new econ, need land

    • Result: peasants AND nobles want to go overseas.

  • Colonizers

    • Families created new homes.

  • English and Natives

    • Spanish subjugate, English expel.

What was Bacon’s rebellion, and what was its significance?

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* **Berkeley (leader) does nothing =** __**Bacon’s rebellion**__
* **Nathaniel Bacon leads poor farmers**
* **Attack natives, then Berkeley**
* **Consequence**
* **Leaders fear more rebellions = seek new source of labor**
* **= more enslaved people from Africa (especially down south)**

Describe the Chesapeake bay colonies

• Region to region - different - WHY?

• Chesapeake

  • Jamestown established by JOINT STOCK COMPANY

  • Joint Stock Companies

    • Private thing - to pay for exploration, investors pool and share risks

    • Purpose: profit

    • Famine killed them (only there for gold)

  • Started cultivating tobacco

    • One crop made BANK

  • Labor done by indentured servants

    • Worked to pay off atlantic travel fees and then left

  • Tobacco success = need more land

    • = Start expand into natives

    • Natives retaliate

      • Natives start messing with farmers

  • Not influenced by religion

  • Had the House of Burgesses (democracy)

  • ONE TRICK PONY (bc farming was cool)

Describe the New England colonies and the Puritans and their relationship w the Natives

• Settled by Pilgrims = Puritan settlers

  • Unhappy with church of england

• NOT primarily for religious freedom!!

  • They OG went to Holland (protestant) but no farming = America

  • For econ

• UNLIKE Jamestown

  • Migrated as families - came for permanent residence (vs profit)

• Struggled

• Came with belief that they had to save everybody

  • First demo of american exceptionalism.

• Emphasizing community got them thru

  • compact community rep gov.

• Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

  • challenged religious beliefs, banished

  • Williams founds rhode island, which tolerated all religions.

• Spread education

  • harvard

• Natives

  • at first good, but expansion = not good

  • Led to King Philip’s war (see other card).

• Farming is meh = diversified econ

Describe the British West Indies.

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* __**British West Indies/Southern Atlantic Coast**__
* **In Caribbean**
* **Warmth = farming**
* __**Tobacco is successful, but SUGARCANE replaces**__
* White gold rush
* **REALLY needed labor (africans)**
* **Majority population black**
* __**= Slave Codes**__
* **Defined slaves as owners property (chattel)**
* __**Atlantic Coast**__
* **Replicated caribbean**

Describe the Middle Colonies (NYC, NJ, Penn)

• New York/New Jersey

  • By sea, lots of rivers

    • Turn to cereal crops (wheats)

  • Social structure develops (top to bottom)

    • Urban merchants

    • Artisans and shopkeepers

    • Unskilled laborers and unemployed

    • Enslaved africans

  • Cashed in on fur trade.

• Pennsylvania

  • Founded by William Penn

    • Quaker and pacifist = everybody is yay

  • Religious freedom + negotiations with natives

Describe Mercantillism - what was its impact?

• Econ system in Europe

• Fixed amt of wealth (gold/silver): maintain favorable balance of trade

• Exports vs imports (more exports)

• Made colonies

  • Got more raw materials

  • New markets for more manufactured goods

• Britain wants those new markets = navigation acts

  • Merchants MUST use only English ships, pass through taxed british ports (ensured that britain gets all the wealth, favorable balance of trade)

• How did it change things?

  • Wealth for the top

  • Made America’s seaports into cities (encouraged marimtime commerce)

    • GROWING ECON INDEPENDENCE (causes of war!!)

  • Consumer Revolution

    • More affluent societies, more buying

    • Made societal status tied to financial success

What was Metacom’s war and what was its impact?

• Metacom: chief of wampanoag (British called King Philip)

• British expanding = cultural heritage destroyed = get rid of them!

• Attacked colonists

• British Retaliate

  • Call on the Mohawk Indians

  • Kill Metacom = no more revolution

Where did slave laws come from? Describe them.

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* __**Slave Laws**__
* **Influenced by West Indies**
* **Defined Africans as chattel**
* **Hereditary**
* **Laws became harsher over time**
* **Ex: literally kill them if they defy**
* **Illegal to leave**
* **No interracial marriages**

What were some examples of slave resistance (covert and overt)? What was Stono’s rebellion and its impact?

• Enslaved found ways to resist covertly and overtly

• Covert resistance

  • Kept cultural heritage from africa

  • Maintained beliefs or spoke languages

  • Purposefully sucking at work

• Overt resistance (rebellion)

  • Stono Rebellion

    • South Carolina

    • Small group steals tools, kills whites

    • More join and kill (50)

    • Eventually squashed

What was the Great Awakening? Who pioneered it? What was its impact?

• New Light Clergy

  • Preachers sad ab loss of faith in bible authority

  • Inspired by pietism

    • Heart over head

• Religious revival = new Christian devotion

• Pioneered by Jonathan Edwards

  • Enlightenment + religion

  • Preached in New England

• George Whitefield

  • Spread Christianity EVERYWHERE

  • Really good preacher

• Social consequences

  • Emphasized democracy

  • Biblical right to resist colonizers

• Impact

  • Awakened to democracy, rights

  • More higher education

  • Bound previously divided Americas together

  • = increased resistance

• Jesus Empowers Genuine Worship

• Resistance

  • Impressment

    • Forcing men to serve for Britain

    • Very dangerous

  • King Georges War

    • Needed men from America

    • Men were like nah - rioted

      • Impact: aware of violations to natural rights

Objectives of Dutch colonies

• Dutch

  • Seeking water route to Asia

  • Henry Hudson

    • Hudson River named for him

  • New Amsterdam

    • Econ goals met

    • Protestant, but didn’t care about converting: money > converting

Objectives of Spanish colonies

• Spanish

  • Colonies to get wealth - agriculture, gold, silver

  • Used encomienda, then used africa

  • Caste system

  • Conversion/mission system

Objectives of french colonies

• French

  • Interested in water route to Asia

  • Busy persecuting protestants

  • Samuel de Champlain

    • Established Quebec

    • French had more TRADE than conquest

  • Many traders married natives for kinship ties

  • Ojibwe

    • Mutually beneficial relationship with French

Objectives of british colonies. why did they want to go abroad?

• British

  • Goal: econ

    • Wars w France, conquest of Ireland - need money

  • Enclosure Movement

    • Took land from everybody, sold to private parties

    • Peasants want new econ, need land

    • Result: peasants AND nobles want to go overseas.

  • Colonizers

    • Families created new homes.

  • English and Natives

    • Spanish subjugate, English expel