APUSH Unit 2 Flashcards

What’s the difference between the main objectives of the Dutch, French, Spanish, and British colonies?

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* **Spanish**
* **Colonies to get** __**wealth**__ **- agriculture,** __**gold**__**, silver**
* **Used** __**encomienda**__**, then used** __**africa**__
* __**Caste**__ **system**
* __**Conversion**__**/mission system**
* **French**
* __**Interested in water route**__ **to Asia**
* **Busy persecuting protestants**
* __**Samuel de Champlain**__
* **Established** __**Quebec**__
* __**French had more TRADE than conquest**__
* **Many** __**traders married natives**__ **for kinship ties**
* **Ojibwe**
* **Mutually beneficial relationship with French**
* **Dutch**
* **Seeking** __**water route**__ **to Asia**
* **Henry Hudson**
* **Hudson River named for him**
* **New Amsterdam**
* __**Econ**__ **goals met**
* __**Protestant, but didn’t care about converting**__**: money > converting**
* **British**
* **Goal: econ**
* __**Wars**__ **w France,** __**conquest**__ **of Ireland -** __**need money**__
* **Enclosure Movement**
* __**Took land**__ **from everybody, sold to private parties**
* __**Peasants want new econ**__**, need land**
* __**Result: peasants AND nobles want to go overseas.**__
* **Colonizers**
* **Families created new homes.**
* **English and Natives**
* **Spanish subjugate, English expel.**

What was Bacon’s rebellion, and what was its significance?

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* **Berkeley (leader) does nothing =** __**Bacon’s rebellion**__
* **Nathaniel Bacon leads poor farmers**
* **Attack natives, then Berkeley**
* **Consequence**
* **Leaders fear more rebellions = seek new source of labor**
* **= more enslaved people from Africa (especially down south)**

Describe the Chesapeake bay colonies

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* __**Region to region - different - WHY?**__
* __**Chesapeake**__
* __**Jamestown**__ **established by JOINT STOCK COMPANY**
* __**Joint Stock Companies**__
* **Private thing - to pay for exploration, investors pool and share risks**
* **Purpose: profit**
* **Famine killed them (only there for gold)**
* __**Started cultivating tobacco**__
* **One crop made BANK**
* __**Labor done by indentured servants**__
* **Worked to pay off atlantic travel fees and then left**
* __**Tobacco success = need more land**__
* **= Start expand into natives**
* **Natives retaliate**
* **Natives start messing with farmers**
* Not influenced by religion
* Had the House of Burgesses (democracy)
* ONE TRICK PONY (bc farming was cool)

Describe the New England colonies and the Puritans and their relationship w the Natives

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* __**Settled by Pilgrims = Puritan settlers**__
* **Unhappy with church of england**
* __**NOT primarily for religious freedom!!**__
* **They OG went to Holland (protestant) but no farming = America**
* **For econ**
* __**UNLIKE Jamestown**__
* **Migrated as families - came for permanent residence (vs profit)**
* __**Struggled**__
* __**Came with belief that they had to save everybody**__
* First demo of american exceptionalism.
* Emphasizing community got them thru
* compact community rep gov.
* Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
* challenged religious beliefs, banished
* Williams founds rhode island, which tolerated all religions.
* Spread education
* harvard
* Natives
* at first good, but expansion = not good
* Led to King Philip’s war (see other card).
* __**Farming is meh = diversified econ**__

Describe the British West Indies.

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* __**British West Indies/Southern Atlantic Coast**__
* **In Caribbean**
* **Warmth = farming**
* __**Tobacco is successful, but SUGARCANE replaces**__
* White gold rush
* **REALLY needed labor (africans)**
* **Majority population black**
* __**= Slave Codes**__
* **Defined slaves as owners property (chattel)**
* __**Atlantic Coast**__
* **Replicated caribbean**

Describe the Middle Colonies (NYC, NJ, Penn)

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* __**New York/New Jersey**__
* __**By sea, lots of rivers**__
* **Turn to cereal crops (wheats)**
* __**Social structure develops (top to bottom)**__
* **Urban merchants**
* **Artisans and shopkeepers**
* **Unskilled laborers and unemployed**
* **Enslaved africans**
* **Cashed in on fur trade.**
* __**Pennsylvania**__
* __**Founded by William Penn**__
* **Quaker and pacifist = everybody is yay**
* __**Religious freedom + negotiations with natives**__

Describe Mercantillism - what was its impact?

* Econ system in Europe
* Fixed amt of wealth (gold/silver): **maintain favorable balance of trade**
* **Exports vs imports (more exports)**
* __**Made colonies**__
* **Got more raw materials**
* **New markets for more manufactured goods**
* __**Britain wants those new markets = navigation acts**__
* **Merchants MUST use only English ships, pass through taxed british ports (ensured that britain gets all the wealth, favorable balance of trade)**

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* __**How did it change things?**__
* **Wealth for the top**
* **Made America’s seaports into cities (encouraged marimtime commerce)**
* GROWING ECON INDEPENDENCE (causes of war!!)
* __**Consumer Revolution**__
* **More affluent societies, more buying**
* **Made societal status tied to financial success**

What was Metacom’s war and what was its impact?

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* **Metacom: chief of wampanoag** (British called King Philip)
* **British expanding = cultural heritage destroyed = get rid of them!**
* Attacked colonists
* **British Retaliate**
* **Call on the Mohawk Indians**
* **Kill Metacom = no more revolution**

Where did slave laws come from? Describe them.

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* __**Slave Laws**__
* **Influenced by West Indies**
* **Defined Africans as chattel**
* **Hereditary**
* **Laws became harsher over time**
* **Ex: literally kill them if they defy**
* **Illegal to leave**
* **No interracial marriages**

What were some examples of slave resistance (covert and overt)? What was Stono’s rebellion and its impact?

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* Enslaved found ways to resist covertly and overtly
* __**Covert resistance**__
* **Kept cultural heritage from africa**
* **Maintained beliefs or spoke languages**
* **Purposefully sucking at work**
* __**Overt resistance (rebellion)**__
* __**Stono Rebellion**__
* **South Carolina**
* **Small group steals tools, kills whites**
* **More join and kill (50)**
* **Eventually squashed**

What was the Great Awakening? Who pioneered it? What was its impact?

• New Light Clergy

  • Preachers sad ab loss of faith in bible authority

  • Inspired by pietism

    • Heart over head

• Religious revival = new Christian devotion

• Pioneered by Jonathan Edwards

  • Enlightenment + religion

  • Preached in New England

• George Whitefield

  • Spread Christianity EVERYWHERE

  • Really good preacher

• Social consequences

  • Emphasized democracy

  • Biblical right to resist colonizers

• Impact

  • Awakened to democracy, rights

  • More higher education

  • Bound previously divided Americas together

  • = increased resistance

• Jesus Empowers Genuine Worship

• Resistance

  • Impressment

    • Forcing men to serve for Britain

    • Very dangerous

  • King Georges War

    • Needed men from America

    • Men were like nah - rioted

      • Impact: aware of violations to natural rights

Objectives of Dutch colonies

• Dutch

  • Seeking water route to Asia

  • Henry Hudson

    • Hudson River named for him

  • New Amsterdam

    • Econ goals met

    • Protestant, but didn’t care about converting: money > converting

Objectives of Spanish colonies

• Spanish

  • Colonies to get wealth - agriculture, gold, silver

  • Used encomienda, then used africa

  • Caste system

  • Conversion/mission system

Objectives of french colonies

• French

  • Interested in water route to Asia

  • Busy persecuting protestants

  • Samuel de Champlain

    • Established Quebec

    • French had more TRADE than conquest

  • Many traders married natives for kinship ties

  • Ojibwe

    • Mutually beneficial relationship with French

Objectives of british colonies. why did they want to go abroad?

• British

  • Goal: econ

    • Wars w France, conquest of Ireland - need money

  • Enclosure Movement

    • Took land from everybody, sold to private parties

    • Peasants want new econ, need land

    • Result: peasants AND nobles want to go overseas.

  • Colonizers

    • Families created new homes.

  • English and Natives

    • Spanish subjugate, English expel