AP Biology: Final Review

Maltose

Formed during digestion of starch

Chitin

Forms exoskeletons in the arthropods

Lactose

Milk sugar

Ribose

Sugar found in RNA

Starch

Polysaccharide used to store energy in plants

Sucrose

Disaccharide used to store energy in plants

Glycogen

Also called “animal starch”

Alpha Glucose

Monomer of starch

Galactose

Forms half of lactose

Beta Glucose

Monomer of cellulose

Cellulose

Forms components of cell walls

Deoxyribose

Sugar found in DNA

False

Isotopes of an element contain the same number of protons and different numbers of electrons

True

Electrons in different electron shells contain more energy if they are farther from the nucleus

False

A molecule must contain more than one atom of more than one element

True

Atoms can interact to give up, accept, or share electrons to produce a filled outer shell

True

Water moderates the temperature on earth because it can absorb and release large amounts of heat

True

Buffers are chemicals that can both take up and release H+, thus maintaining pH changes in a chemical system

Acid

Molecules that release excess hydrogen ions when they dissociate; solution

Base

Molecules that release excess hydroxyl ions

Glycocide bond

Linking bond found in any disaccharide or polysaccharide

False

All molecules that contain carbon are considered organic

True

Carbon can form covalent bonds with as many as four other atoms at a given time

True

Hydrolysis is a process by which water is used to break apart a chemical bond

False

Hemoglobin is a phospholipid that transports oxygen in the blood

True

The 3-D shape of proteins is a result of secondary bonds such as hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges, etc.

False

Inorganic molecules are found only in nonliving matter

False

Starch is a protein that functions in energy storage in plants

Ester Bond

Linking found in fats such as triglyceride

20

How many amino acids are found in humans?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Sulfur

What are the six most common elements found in organic compounds?

Pentose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base

List the three components that form a nucleotide

Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil

List the bases that are considered Pyrimidines

Adenine and Guanine

List the bases that are considered Purines

Glycerol

Which of the following is not a monopeptide?

Cellulose

Which of the following is not made up of proteins?

Mitoplast

A mitochondria that is lacking its outer membrane

Eubacteria

Group containing the “true” bacteria

rRNA

A component of ribosome subunits

Leeuwenhoek

Developed the first light microscope

Phagocytosis

Process in which a cell engulfs foreign material

Archeabacteria

Group containing the “ancient” bacteria

Virchow

Concluded that cells come from pre-existing cells

Schleiden

Concluded all plants are composed of cells

mRNA

Threads subunits to form ribosomes

Hooke

Originated the term “cell”

Svedburg

Developed a unit to label ribosomes

Enzymes

Organic molecules that accelerate reactions

Oxidation

The removal of electrons (or H+) from a molecule

Reduction

The addition of electrons (or H+) to a molecule