Quiz 2 Review- Cross- sectional

Homogeneous

Texture appears uniform throughout the image; normal parenchyma

Heterogeneous

Different textures appear within the image; abnormal parenchyma

Anechoic

Absence of echoes

Diffuse

Spreads throughout the organ; associated with infiltrative abnormality

Localized

Circumscribed to a specific area

Intraorgan

Originates within the organ

Intraorgan Feature: Architecture Disruption

Disruption of normal internal architecture

Intraorgan Feature: Capsule Bulging

External bulging of the organ capsule

Intraorgan Feature: Structure Displacement

Displacement or shift of adjacent body structures

Extraorgan

Originates outside the organ

Extraorgan Feature: Organ Displacement

Displacement of other organs or structures

Extraorgan Feature: Obstruction

Obstruction of organs or structures from view

Extraorgan Feature: Invagination

Internal invagination of the organ capsule

Extraorgan Feature: Capsule Discontinuity

Discontinuity of the organ capsule

Mass Description

Must include origin, size, comparison, number, and associated complications with adjacent structures

Mass Types

Masses can be solid, cystic, or complex

Solid Mass Appearance

Echogenic shades of gray

Isoechoic Solid Mass

Appears the same as surrounding parenchyma and is distinguishable only by its walls

Simple (True) Cyst

Must meet all three diagnostic criteria

Simple Cyst Criterion 1

Anechoic

Simple Cyst Criterion 2

Posterior acoustic enhancement

Simple Cyst Criterion 3

Well-defined, thin, smooth walls

Not a True Cyst

If any of the three main criteria are not met

Cystic Noise

Anterior reverberation sometimes seen in simple cysts

Complex Mass

Contains both fluid and tissue components

Complex Mass Composition

May be primarily cystic or primarily solid

Complex Mass Walls

May be smooth or irregular; thick or thin; uniform or uneven

Necrosis

Degenerative process where a mass liquefies over time, becoming complex

Sonographer Primary Role

Acquire, analyze, modify, select, and document ultrasound images

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration; protects healthcare workers

Ergonomics

Study of work to improve performance and reduce injury