Cell Growth and Division

Flashcards about cell growth and division.

Cell Growth Limitations

The limitation on cell size due to increased demands on DNA and difficulty moving nutrients and wastes.

Cell Cycle

A process where a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells.

Prophase

During prophase, chromosomes become visible as the chromatin condenses, and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.

Metaphase

During this phase, spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of chromosomes, ensuring they are aligned properly for separation.

Microtubules

Connect the centromere to the poles of the spindle during Metaphase.

They play a crucial role in chromosome alignment and separation.

Anaphase

During anaphase, the microtubules shorten, pulling the sister chromatids apart towards opposite poles of the cell. This ensures that each new daughter cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.

Centromere

it is the attachment point for spindle fibers that separate the chromatids.

Telophase

The nuclear membrane re-forms around each set of chromosomes, resulting in the formation of two nuclei in the daughter cells.

Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis is the process that occurs after mitosis, where the cytoplasm divides and two distinct daughter cells are formed, each with its own nucleus.

Cyclins

Regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.

Parent Cell

The original cell that divides into two

Daughter cells

Two new cells after cell division

Sister chromatid

One half of a duplicated chromosome

Centrioles

A structure in animal cells that helps organize cell division

by facilitating the formation of the spindle fibers.

Spindle

A framework of microtubules that separates chromosomes during cell division

and helps ensure accurate distribution of genetic material to daughter cells.

Chromosomes

The genetic material in a cell composed of DNA

Centromere

The structure in a chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together

Interphase

The stage in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing

and is preparing for growth and DNA replication.