PERIOD 3

APUSH

Democracy

Democracy

A form of government in which power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation

What did the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions argue?

States could judge the constitutionality of federal laws

Shay's Rebellion

An armed movement of debt-ridden farmers in western Massachusetts in the winter of 86-87 who objected to the state's efforts to tax them in order to pay off Revolutionary War debt

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Legislation passed by Congress under the Articles of Confederation that provided for public schools, the sale of government land, and prohibited slavery in the NW Territories

Treaty of Fort Stanwix

1784 treaty between one faction of the Iroquois and US government that sought to end the violent battles over land in New York, Pennsylvania, and the Ohio River valley to the west

Republican Motherhood

The belief that women should have more rights and a better education so that they might support husbands and raise sons who would actively participate in the political affairs of society

In his March 1775 speech to the Virginia Convention, what was Patrick Henry advocating for?

Declaration of independence from Britain

Annapolis Convention

Conference of state delegates that issued a call in September 1786 for a convention to consider changes to the Articles of Confederation

Constitutional Convention

Met in Philadelphia in 1787 and drafted the Constitution of the US

Virginia Plan

The first proposal at the Constitutional Convention, which included two houses of Congress, both elected by a proportional representation and a national executive and judiciary

Separation of Powers

A core aspect of the Constitution that by which different parts of the new national government would have their authority always limited by other parts

Federalism

A system of government in which power is clearly divided between state governments and the national (federal) government

Proportional Representation

A way of selecting representatives in Congress based on the total population of a state, as opposed to having each state receive equal votes in Congress

New Jersey Plan

A proposal of NJ delegation to the Constitutional Convention by which both houses of Congress would be elected by states, with equal state delegations for each state

Connecticut Plan - or the Great Compromise

Plan proposed for creating a national bicameral legislature in which all states would be equally represented in the Senate and proportionally represented in the House

Electoral College

A system in which each state selects presidential electors according to the number of its senators and representatives in Congress by whatever method it prefers, and these electors then select the president

Three-Fifths Clause

Another compromise; slaves would be counted as ⅗ of a person for purposes of a state's representation under the proportional representation plan

Federalists

Supporters of the Constitution and its ratification

Antifederalists

Opponents of the Constitution and its ratification

Bill of Rights

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution passed by Congress in 1789 and ratified by the states in 1791

Bank of the United States

The first federal bank, chartered in 1781, issued currency for the country and stabilized the economy

Treaty of Greenville

A treaty accepted in 1795 where Native Americans in the NW Territory were forced to cede most of the present states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin

Whiskey Rebellion

Armed uprising in 1794 by Western Pennsylvania farmers who wanted to stop collection of the tax on whiskey

Citizen Genêt Affair

Efforts of Edmond-Charles Genet, French ambassador to the US, to stir up military support for France and the revolution among Americans, leading to long-term anti-French sentiment

Jay's Treaty

A treaty with Britain negotiated in 1794 in which the US made major concessions to avert a war over British seizure of US ships

Pinckney's Rebellion

A treaty with Spain that set the border between the US and Spanish Florida

Treaty of Paris

Ends the Revolutionary War in 1783.

Shays Rebellion

An armed uprising in 1786.

Constitution

Ratified in 1788, it established the framework of the U.S. government.

George Washington

Inaugurated as the first President in 1789.

John Adams

Elected as President in 1796.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Passed in 1798, they made it harder for new immigrants to vote and criminalized criticism of the government.

Hamilton's Financial Plan

Included a national bank, a tariff, and payment of the nation's debt.

Articles of Confederation

The first constitution of the United States, lasting from 1776 to 1787.

Checks and Balances

A system that limits individual powers in the government.

Three-Fifths Compromise

A compromise during the Constitutional Convention regarding representation of slaves.

Anti-Federalists

Supported strong state governments.

XYZ Affair

A diplomatic incident in 1798 involving a demand for a bribe from French officials.

Quasi-War

An undeclared war between the US and France from 1797 to 1800.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Resolutions that criticized the Alien and Sedition Acts, asserting state rights.

French and Indian War

Also known as the 7 Years' War, it ended with French defeat.

Pontiac's Rebellion

An Indian uprising from 1763 to 1766 against British expansion.

The Proclamation Line

A line set by a Royal Proclamation preventing westward expansion across the Appalachian Mountains.

Impressment

The British government forcing sailors into the Navy.

Boston Massacre

An incident where five colonists died after a confrontation with British soldiers.

Daughters of Liberty

Female groups resisting British economic control through domestic production.

First Continental Congress

A meeting of delegates from nearly all colonies to address unjust taxation.

Somerset Decision

The ruling that made slavery illegal in England but not in the colonies.

Second Continental Congress

Delegates accepted the Articles and formalized the Revolutionary War.

Salutary Neglect

British policy allowing colonial autonomy before stricter controls.

No Taxation without Representation

Colonial argument against British taxes without elected representatives.

Stamp Act

First direct tax on colonies, sparked protests and Congress.

Boston Tea Party

Colonial protest against Tea Act, symbolizing resistance.

Continental Congress

Gatherings of colonial delegates to address grievances.

Declaration of Independence

Document asserting colonies' right to self-governance.

Battle of Saratoga

Turning point convincing France to ally with America.

Siege of Yorktown

Final battle leading to British surrender and end of war.

Treaty of Paris 1783

Agreement recognizing American independence and territorial gains.

Shays' Rebellion

Uprising highlighting weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Philadelphia Convention

Meeting to create a stronger federal government and Constitution.

Great Compromise

Established bicameral legislature with population-based representation.

Thomas Jefferson

Principal author of Declaration of Independence and limited government advocate.

Alexander Hamilton

Key Federalist advocating for strong central government and national bank.

Lexington and Concord

First battles of the Revolutionary War igniting full conflict.

Bunker Hill

Demonstrated colonial strength despite British victory.

Economic Instability

Result of Articles' inability to tax and regulate commerce.

Enlightenment Influence

Philosophical ideas shaping American views on rights and governance.

Intolerable Acts

Punitive laws after Boston Tea Party, prompting colonial unity.

Southern Strategy

British campaign focusing on rallying Loyalists in the South.

Cowpens and King's Mountain

Battles weakening British forces during Southern Campaign.

New tax policies (especially the ______) anger the colonists, not only because of the money, but how they are ruled over a foreign land. They were used to organizing their taxes independently and ______.

stamp act, domestically

The British begin to occupy Boston, with 1 soldier per __ Bostonians.

15

______ was revealed as a traitor against the Patriot cause through stolen letters. _________ was verbally abused in court for an hour, a moment that many attribute to his joining the rebellion entirely.

Hutchinson, Benjamin Franklin

A final occupation of military law enrages the colonists even more. In —-, John Addams goes to a secret, illegal meeting in Philadelphia: the Continental Congress. They come up with strategies against Britain's arbitrary power.

1774

In 1765, the colonies were mainly calm. However, tax policies began a ___ spirit within the colonists that grew more violent. 

rebellious

The _____ created financial stress for Britain, causing the tax policies. However, the colonists understood this as an attack against their individual freedoms.

seven years war

The Sons of Liberties did everything possible to refuse taxes. ______ and intimidation were common tactics, but other methods, like writing and published documents, were used as political pushback. 

humiliation

Loyalists and ____: Those who were very loyal to British rule 

tories

________ promotes only the payment of local taxes and taxes only personally voted for. 

Patrick Henry

______ works in London to create a compromise between the colonies and mainland. 

Benjamin Franklin

North American merchants ceased trade with Britain as a way to promote the ________. It was repealed in 1766. More taxes were introduced, and more were repealed.

Stamp Act’s repeal

Boston Massacre: Some men try to stir up a fight with British soldiers, and the mob grows. Guards panic, and _____ civilians die as a result. This accident was relabeled as an intentional massacre. _________ created the famous propagandized artwork. ______ an escaped slave, is seen as the first casualty of the American Revolution.

five, Paul Revere, Crispuss Attucks

_____ supports the right to a fair trial. He refutes a harsh legal punishment of the offending soldiers as to not "cast a stain" on the new states.

John Addams

10k British pounds of tea are disposed in the harbor during the ________.

Boston Tea Party

Patrick Henry: "I am no longer a _______. I am an American." (the issue of unity)

Virginian

Local militias begin to arm themselves. The King thinks that the rebels will easily be scared to their senses. However, _____ is extremely tense, nearly becoming a police state through occupation.

Boston

Militias form the _____, who could mobilize on a minute's notice.

Minute Men