Appendicular Skeleton - BYU Anatomy

acromial end

coracoid process

glenoid cavity

lateral aspect of scapula which serves as point of articulation with the humerus

supraglenoid tubercle

prominence superior to the glenoid cavity

infraglenoid tubercle

prominence inferior to the glenoid cavity

supraspinous fossa

depression on the posterior surface of the scapula superior to the spine

infraspinous fossa

depression on the posterior surface of the scapula inferior to the spine

subscapular fossa

the depression in the anterior surface of the scapula

Humerus

long bone of the upper arm

head

proximal rounded portion which articulates with the glenoid cavity of scapula

anatomical neck

tapering of the humerus immediately inferior to the head

surgical neck

tapering region of the humeral shaft inferior to the anatomical neck

greater tubercle

a process lateral to the humeral head and inferior to the anatomical neck

lesser tubercle

process anterior to the greater tubercle of the humerus

intertubercular groove

a groove between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus

deltoid tuberosity

elevation on lateral side of the humeral shaft for muscle attachment

Pectoral Girdle

clavicle and scapula

clavicle

slender curved bone which connects the scapula to the sternum

sternal end

most medial part of the clavicle which forms a joint with the sternum

scapula

triangular-shaped shoulder blade

spine

acromion process

scapular process extending laterally from the spine of the scapula, articulates with clavicle

capitulum

lateral condyle on the distal end of the humerus which articulates with the head of radius

trochlea

medial condyle on the distal end of the humerus which articulates with the trochlear notch

lateral epicondyle

located on the distal end of the humerus superior to the capitulum

medial epicondyle

located on the distal end of the humerus superior to the trochlea

Coronoid fossa

located on the anterior side of the distal end of the humerus superior to the trochlea and articulates with the coronoid process of the ulna

Olecranon fossa

located on the posterior side of the distal end of the humerus superior to the trochlea and articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna

ulna

the medial bone of the forearm

trochlear notch

half-moon shaped notch which forms a hinge joint with the trochlea of the humerus

coronoid process

located on the proximal end of the ulna, smaller than and distal to the olecranon process

olecranon process

located on the proximal end of the ulna, larger than and proximal to the coronoid process

interrosseous membrane

between radius and ulna, thick sheet of connective tissue

radius

lateral bone of the forearm

head

knob on the proximal end of radius

radial tuberosity

a roughened elevation on radial shaft

carpals

consisting of eight wrist bones arranged into two rows of four

Scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
hamate
capitate
trapezoid
trapezium

metacarpals

the five bones that form the palms of the hand

phalanges

14 total; four digits each consisting of proximal, middle, and distal bone, the pollex having only two; each phalanx has a proximal base and a distal head

scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrum

pisiform

hamate

Capitate

trapezoid

trapezium

pelvic girdle

ilium, ischium, pubis

obturator foramen

large opening between ischium and pubis

Acetabulum

lateral depression of the hip bone which articulates with the head of the femur

ilium

superior flattened portion of the hip bone

iliac crest

ridge on the superior border of the ilium

iliac fossa

a depression on the medial side of the fan-shaped portion of the ilium

anterior superior iliac spine

anterior termination of the iliac crest

anterior inferior iliac spine

posterior superior iliac spine

posterior termination of the iliac crest

posterior inferior iliac spine

process inferior to the posterior superior iliac spine

greater sciatic notch

posterior indentation in ilium

auricular surface

region on the ilium for articulation with the sacrum

ischium

posterior and inferior portion of the hip bone

ischial spine

process located posterior to the acetabulum

ischial tuberosity

inferior roughened surface of the ischium for ligament and muscle attachment

ischial ramus

inferior process; unites with inferior pubic ramus inferior to obturator foramen

pubis

most anterior portion of the hip bone

superior pubic ramus

flattened superior border of the obturator foramen

pubic tubercle

anterior prominence superior to the pubic symphysis, lateral end of pubic crest

pubic crest

ridge medial to the pubic tubercle that meets the pubic symphysis

pubic symphysis

joint with fibrocartilage disc joining the two hip bones anteriorly

femur

bone of the upper leg

head

superior rounded portion that forms a ball-and-socket joint with the acetabulum

shaft

the diaphysis or femoral body

greater trochanter

large prominence lateral to the femoral head

lesser trochanter

smaller prominence inferior to the head on the medial side of the femur

intertrochanteric crest

region formed posteriorly between the greater and lesser trochanters

intertrochanteric line

region formed anteriorly between the greater and lesser trochanters

linea aspera

rough surface on the posterior side of the femur extending vertically along the shaft

medial condyle

medial knob on the distal end of the femur which forms a hinge joint with the tibia

lateral condyle

lateral knob on the distal end of the femur which forms a hinge joint with the tibia

medial epicondyle

medial elevation on the distal end of the femur superior and medial to the medial condyle

lateral epicondyle

later elevation on distal end of the femur superior and lateral to the lateral condyle

intercondylar fossa

posterior notch located between the condyles

patellar surface

anterior depression between the femoral condyles

patella

triangle sesamoid bone

tibia

the anteromedial bone of the lower leg

medial malleolus

distal medial process forming the ankle bulge

medial condyle

medial depression on the proximal end of the tibia which articulates with the femur

lateral condyle

lateral depression on the proximal end of the tibia which articulates with the femur

intercondylar eminence

process between condyles; anterior cruciate ligament attaches here

tibial tuberosity

Rough surface on the anterior portion of the tibia

fibula

long thin bone lateral and slightly posterior to the tibia

head

knob at the proximal end of the fibula

lateral malleolus

lateral process on the distal end of the fibula

tarsals

posterior foot comprised of seven bones

talus

calcaneus

calcaneus tuberosity

cuboid

navicular

lateral cuneiform

intermediate cuneiform