Functions and Structures of the Human Skeletal System

This set of flashcards covers key concepts of the human skeletal system including its functions, classifications, and anatomical structures.

What are the five primary functions of the skeletal system?

Support, Movement, Hematopoiesis, Mineral storage, and Fat storage.

How does the skeletal system provide protection?

It acts as a shield for vital organs; for example, the skull protects the brain and the thoracic cage protects the heart and lungs.

What is the difference between a ligament and cartilage?

A ligament is connective tissue that joins two bones together, while cartilage is found between bones in a joint to provide cushioning.

What are the two main regions of a long bone?

The Diaphysis (the shaft) and the Epiphysis (the extremity or end).

What is the structural difference between compact and spongy bone?

Spongy bone consists of a meshwork of plates containing lamellae and osteocytes, unlike the dense structure of compact bone.

Distinguish between Osteoblasts and Osteocytes.

Osteoblasts are cells responsible for forming new bone, whereas Osteocytes are inactive, mature bone cells.

What does the Axial Skeleton consist of?

It includes the Skull, Vertebral Column, Ribs, and Sternum.

What does the Appendicular Skeleton include?

It includes the limbs and girdles, such as the Femur, Tibia, Radius, Tarsals, and the Scapula.

What is the order of the vertebrae from superior to inferior?

Cervical (7 vertebrae), Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx.