Rudsia Under Alexander III

How did Alexander III assert control and authority

Emergency measures where no group more then 12 could meet. Okhrana introduced. Secondary school more expensiveч. Power stripped from zemstva. Trials can be carried out privatey. Russiafication

Russiafication definition

the process of enforcing Russian culture, language, and traditions on non-Russian people to assimilate them into a more homogeneous Russian identity

Why was Russification introduced

Influenced by Pobedonostev- III wanted single national identity for Russia. Germification 1870 was successful

How did III plan to enforce Russification

Banning diff languages in schools and theatres, closing catholic monasteries, sending missionaries to Muslim Russia

Using the army to put down nationalist groups and stripping independent govs power.

Specific examples of how Russification enforced.

Banning independent Finnish postal service- using one that’s in Russian. Banning polish in schools and universities and closing theatres in Ukraine if they didn’t speak in Russian

Anti semitism definition

discriminate against Jews imas ethnic, religious or racial group

Alexander IIIs actions on Jews

Banned them from mining industry. Prohibited from settling in Finland- encouraged towards pale of settlement, banned from local elections in certain parts of the country.

What were patrons

Attacks by local now Jewish populations on Jewish populations

Impact of IIIs anti-semitism

Education limited at uni, many joined opposition groups, Jews flee to Western Europe and 1891-2 III expelled 30,000 Jews from Moscow

Who was micheal von reuteurn

IIs minister of finance 62-78

What things did he do

Treasury reformed- new arrangements for collecting taxes and publishing budgets. Tax farming abolished- now indirect taxation- eg on vodka.

State bank 60- savings bank 69.

Foreign investment encouraged

Subsidies for private entrepreneurs tinsel railway

1When were reduction import duties introduced

2- when was French loan

By what year was Russia 4th largest economy

4 when did Russia sell Alaska

1 63

2 88

97

67

Who’s was Ivan Vysnegradsky

Took over as minister of finance ‘87

Key details of him

Grain exports up 18% “we ourselves shall not eat but we shall export”

30% tariff on raw materials- boosts home production- negotiated loans from free ch- increased indirect taxation

Great famine 91-92 350,000 dead from starvation and disease- let go from this position 92

When we’re present lank banks introduced

83 (for novels 85 )

How much of russias spending went to repaying debts

1/3- consequence of all the loans