APHG Chapter 6

1) With respect to the relationship between culture, religion, and the physical environment,

A) few religions derive meaningful events from the physical environment.

B) religious ideas may be responsible for some of the changes people make in the physical environment.

C) religion is no longer an important source of identification for a distinct cultural group.

D) all religions appeal primarily to people living in their land of origin.

E) religious ideas nearly all arise from changes in the physical environment.

B) religious ideas may be responsible for some of the changes people make in the physical environment.

2) Religion is a good example of the tension between globalization and local diversity because

A) migrants leave their religion behind when they migrate to a new area.

B) religion always represents the most traditional worldviews of a population.

C) many people follow more than one religion.

D) all religions are in competition to convert as many people as possible.

E) religion represents core cultural values and beliefs that may conflict with others.

E) religion represents core cultural values and beliefs that may conflict with others.

3) Mahayanists, in contrast to Theravadists, emphasize Buddha's

A) life of self-help.

B) compassion.

C) renouncing of worldly goods.

D) wisdom.

E) practice of meditation

B) compassion.

4) Animists believe that

A) people should complete God's creation of the Earth.

B) inanimate objects and natural events have spirits.

C) people should make complete use of the Earth's resources.

D) natural disasters are preventable.

E) enlightenment can be achieved by all people.

B) inanimate objects and natural events have spirits.

5) Especially important in Confucianism is to

A) perform public service.

B) reflect on the mystical and magical aspects of life.

C) respect forces of nature as divine.

D) believe in one all-powerful God.

E) read the holy texts daily.

A) perform public service.

6) Especially important in Daoism is to

A) perform public service.

B) reflect on the mystical and magical aspects of life.

C) respect forces of nature as divine.

D) believe in one all-powerful God.

E) read the holy texts daily.

B) reflect on the mystical and magical aspects of life.

7) The belief in the existence of only one god is

A) animism.

B) cosmogony.

C) monotheism.

D) polytheism.

E) pagan.

C) monotheism.

8) Beliefs concerning the origin of the universe are

A) animism.

B) cosmogony.

C) monotheism.

D) astronomy.

E) polytheism

B) cosmogony.

9) When geographers study the sites where religions originated as well as the processes by which those religions diffused to other locations, they are focusing on the

A) spatial connections in religion.

B) geo-religious linkages of culture.

C) role of history in the social sciences.

D) lack of spatial connections in religion.

E) loss of historical processes in the formations of religions.

A) spatial connections in religion.

10) A geographer researching the practices of Tibetan Buddhists as well as the world travels of the Dalai Lama is studying

A) spatial connections in religion.

B) theological connections in religion.

C) monetary connections in religion.

D) connections between Christianity and Buddhism.

E) connections between ethnic and universalizing religions.

A) spatial connections in religion.

11) A person attempting to detect ________ within forests and streams would likely be an animist.

A) physical markings

B) voices or personalities

C) inspiration for beautiful art

D) evidence of past missionary activities

E) inspiration for religious texts

B) voices or personalities

12) The world's largest ethnic religion is

A) Confucianism.

B) Daoism.

C) Hinduism.

D) Shintoism.

E) Islam.

C) Hinduism

13) Which characteristic distinguishes religion in Latin America from North America?

A) having a Roman Catholic majority

B) having a Protestant majority

C) location relative to the Equator

D) Ethnic religions make up the majority in one but not the other.

E) Latin America has more Protestants, Jews, and Muslims.

A) having a Roman Catholic majority

14) Given Daoism's classification as either a universalizing or an ethnic religion, which of the following would you be more likely to categorize as pertaining to Daoism?

A) Most shrines are located in major cities and towns around the world.

B) Most of the religious texts concern the stories and letters of missionaries who traveled to different countries.

C) Most shrines are located at major physical features or sites of longstanding cultural significance.

D) Most of the religious texts are directly related to warfare.

E) People of numerous ethnic groups attend the great majority of religious services.

C) Most shrines are located at major physical features or sites of longstanding cultural significance.

15) The maps and diagrams in this chapter help us surmise that a person from northern Germany is more likely to be an adherent of

A) Protestantism.

B) Roman Catholicism.

C) Judaism.

D) Eastern Orthodoxy.

E) a fundamentalist Christian sect.

A) Protestantism.

16) Lutherans are clustered in the ________ United States.

A) northeastern

B) southern

C) southwestern

D) upper midwestern

E) northwestern

D) upper midwestern

17) Eastern Orthodoxy is a branch of Christianity prevalent in

A) Russia.

B) Italy.

C) Spain.

D) Russia and Spain but not Greece.

E) Greece and Germany but not Russia.

A) Russia.

18) This map shows that Muslims are clustered in

A) Southwestern Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of South Asia.

B) Southwestern Asia, North Africa, South America, and parts of North America.

C) Eastern Europe, North America, South Asia, and parts of Russia, China, and Japan.

D) East Asia, South Asia, and North Africa.

E) Southwestern Asia, North Africa, and parts of South Asia and Southeastern Asia.

E) Southwestern Asia, North Africa, and parts of South Asia and Southeastern Asia.

19) In South America,

A) nearly all of the people are Catholic.

B) the great majority of the people are Catholic.

C) nearly all of the people are Protestant.

D) the population is almost equally divided between Catholics and Protestants.

E) about one-fourth of the people are Protestant, one-fourth Catholic, and the remainder practice traditional religions.

B) the great majority of the people are Catholic.

20) In northeastern Canada,

A) nearly all of the people are Catholic.

B) the great majority of the people are Catholic.

C) nearly all of the people are Protestant.

D) the population is almost equally divided between Catholics and Protestants.

E) about three-fourths of the people are Protestant and one-fourth are Catholic.

B) the great majority of the people are Catholic.

21) In Sub-Saharan Africa

A) about half of the people are Protestant.

B) about one-fourth of the people are Protestant.

C) about half of the people are Catholic.

D) about one-fourth of the people are animists.

E) about one-fourth of the people are Orthodox Christian.

B) about one-fourth of the people are Protestant.

22) In Australia and the South Pacific,

A) more than half of the people are Protestant.

B) less than half of the people are Protestant.

C) about half of the people are Catholic.

D) about one-fourth of the people are animists.

E) more than half of the people are nonreligious.

B) less than half of the people are Protestant.

23) When analyzing the maps in this chapter, we can infer that in France,

A) most of the people are Protestant.

B) most of the people are Catholic.

C) about half of the people are Catholic and half are Protestant.

D) about one-fourth of the people are animists.

E) the vast majority of the people are nonreligious.

B) most of the people are Catholic.

24) Analysis of the charts in this chapter indicates that in the world population,

A) more than half of the people are nonreligious.

B) less than one-fifth of the people are non-religious.

C) more than half of the people are Christian.

D) about half of the people are Muslim.

E) about two-thirds of the people are Christian.

B) less than one-fifth of the people are non-religious.

25) The charts in this chapter indicate that in the world population,

A) about half of the people are nonreligious.

B) there are more Muslims than Hindus.

C) there are more Catholics than Muslims.

D) there are more Muslims than Christians.

E) there are more Buddhists than Hindus.

B) there are more Muslims than Hindus.

26) Analysis of this map indicates that in Germany,

A) Catholics are the majority in the north, while Protestants are the majority in the west and southeast.

B) Catholics are the majority in the west and southeast, while Protestants are the majority in the north.

C) The majority are nonreligious in the center and north, while Catholics are the majority in the south.

D) Protestants account for the majority in every region of the country.

E) Catholics are the majority throughout the country.

B) Catholics are the majority in the west and southeast, while Protestants are the majority in the north.

27) Analysis of this map indicates that in Scotland,

A) Catholics are the majority in the north, while Protestants are the majority in the south.

B) Protestants are the majority.

C) the majority of the people are nonreligious.

D) Protestants account for the majority in the south, while Catholics are the majority in the north and west.

E) the population is roughly divided between Protestants and Catholics.

B) Protestants are the majority.

28) A relatively small group that has broken away from an established church is a

A) branch.

B) denomination.

C) sect.

D) dialect.

E) family.

C) sect.

29) The world's largest universalizing religion is

A) Buddhism.

B) Christianity.

C) Hinduism.

D) Islam.

E) Shintoism.

B) Christianity

30) Which is a branch of Christianity?

A) Druze

B) Eastern Orthodox

C) Shiite

D) Theravadist

E) Judaism

B) Eastern Orthodox

31) Almost 90 percent of people in the Western Hemisphere claim adherence to

A) Christianity.

B) Roman Catholicism.

C) Protestantism.

D) Eastern Orthodoxy.

E) fundamentalist and nondenominational Christian churches

A) Christianity.

32) Lutheranism is an example of a Christian

A) branch.

B) denomination.

C) religion.

D) sect.

E) family.

B) denomination.

33) The dominant branch of Islam is

A) Druze.

B) Eastern Orthodoxy.

C) Sikh.

D) Sunni.

E) Shiite.

D) Sunni

34) The dominant branch of Islam in Iran is

A) Medina.

B) Eastern Orthodoxy.

C) Mecca.

D) Sunni.

E) Shiite.

E) Shiite.

35) We can surmise that a person from Alabama is more likely to be an adherent of

A) a Baptist church.

B) the Roman Catholic church.

C) an Eastern Orthodox church.

D) Judaism.

E) Islam.

A) a Baptist church.

36) We can surmise that a person from Minnesota is more likely to be an adherent of

A) the Lutheran church.

B) the Roman Catholic church.

C) a Baptist church.

D) an Eastern Orthodox church.

E) a Methodist church.

A) the Lutheran church.

37.) Adherents of which religion have controlled the Holy Land for most of the past 1,500 years?

A) Sikhism

B) Judaism

C) Hinduism

D) Islam

E) Christianity

D) Islam

38) The largest group of religious adherents in the U.S. Southwest are

A) Catholics.

B) Baptists.

C) Latter-day Saints.

D) Methodists.

E) Lutherans.

A) Catholics.

39) Examples of ethnic religions include

A) Daoism and Christianity.

B) Daoism, Confucianism, and Judaism.

C) Confucianism, Islam, and Buddhism.

D) Buddhism, Judaism, and Hinduism.

E) Hinduism and Buddhism.

B) Daoism, Confucianism, and Judaism.

40) Which of the following is not a universalizing religion?

A) Buddhism

B) Sikhism

C) Islam

D) Judaism

E) Christianity

D) Judaism

41) Which is not an ethnic Asian religion?

A) Buddhism

B) Confucianism

C) Shintoism

D) Daoism

E) Hinduism

A) Buddhism

42) Hinduism's caste system

A) assigns everyone to a distinct class.

B) decrees the pilgrimages which should be taken.

C) is a substitute for the lack of a holy book.

D) identifies a family's important deities.

E) is the basis for seasonal celebrations.

A) assigns everyone to a distinct class.

43) Both universalizing and ethnic religions

A) appeal primarily to one group of people living in one place.

B) can diffuse to different populations around the world.

C) attempt to be global and appeal to all people.

D) can be expressed as Christianity and Islam.

E) arose from changes in the physical environment.

B) can diffuse to different populations around the world.

44) An ethnic religion is

A) based on only one language.

B) appealing mostly to one group of people in one place.

C) based on belief in one particular spiritual leader.

D) younger than a universalizing religion.

E) more peaceful than a universalizing religion.

B) appealing mostly to one group of people in one place.

45) Followers of which religious branch do not trace their origin to Abraham?

A) Eastern Orthodox

B) Mahayana

C) Shiite

D) Sunni

E) Judaism

B) Mahayana

46) Which of the following is currently the most important religion in the homeland of the man who founded it?

A) Buddhism

B) Christianity

C) Hinduism

D) Islam

E) Shintoism

D) Islam

47) Unlike other universalizing religions, Buddhism

A) remained primarily concentrated in one region of the world.

B) was not begun by an individual founder and then diffused elsewhere.

C) was founded in China.

D) worships more than one god.

E) diffused primarily by colonization.

A) remained primarily concentrated in one region of the world.

48) Which of the following would be more characteristic of a universalizing religion?

A) Several priests build temples at the tops of the world's highest volcanoes.

B) Several priests travel across the world to establish missions on remote islands.

C) A religious leader proclaims that you cannot join her church unless your mother was previously a member of that church.

D) Priests follow a calendar of religious services based largely on seasonal changes.

E) Priests and adherents of a particular church pledge that they will not support warfare in any form.

B) Several priests travel across the world to establish missions on remote islands.

49) Which of the following would we be more likely to classify as a characteristic of an ethnic religion?

A) Priests build temples in cities around the world.

B) Priests travel across the world to establish missions on remote islands.

C) A religious leader proclaims that you cannot join her church as a full member unless you bring two or three people with you, as converts to her religion.

D) The religious calendar is based largely on seasonal changes in a particular region.

E) The adherents of a church pledge that they will not support warfare in any form.

D) The religious calendar is based largely on seasonal changes in a particular region.

50) Christianity first diffused from its hearth through

A) contagious diffusion.

B) hierarchical diffusion.

C) relocation diffusion.

D) expansion diffusion.

E) military conquest.

C) relocation diffusion.

51) Which of the following religions is also part of a territorial concern for the Chinese government?

A) Judaism

B) Christianity

C) Hinduism

D) Islam

E) Buddhism

E) Buddhism

52) According to this map, Buddhism diffused initially to

A) Southwest Asia, Northeast Asia, and South Asia.

B) South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.

C) Africa, Southwest Asia, and Europe.

D) Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia.

E) Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia

B) South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.

53) According to this map, Islam diffused initially to

A) Southwest Asia, Northeast Asia, and South Asia.

B) Southwest Asia and North Africa.

C) West Africa, Southwest Asia, and Europe.

D) North Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia.

E) Southeast Asia and Southwest Asia.

B) Southwest Asia and North Africa.

54) It is reasonable to surmise that historically, when signs were posted in store windows warning "No Irish Need Apply," the store owner may also have been

A) a Protestant discriminating against Roman Catholic immigrants.

B) a Roman Catholic discriminating against Jewish and Protestant immigrants.

C) a Roman Catholic from Ireland.

D) a nonreligious entrepreneur discriminating against all religious adherents.

E) a Protestant attempting to welcome Roman Catholics but not Jewish immigrants.

A) a Protestant discriminating against Roman Catholic immigrants.

55) Given Muslim perspectives on sacred spaces in the Middle East, politicians in the region have been wary of inviting further religious-fueled conflict by proclaiming

A) the West Bank a Palestinian-controlled area.

B) Jerusalem to be a holy city for three major religions.

C) that groups of Christians and Jews will not start touring Mecca and Medina.

D) that groups of Christians and Jews will tour Jerusalem.

E) Jerusalem the capital of Israel.

E) Jerusalem the capital of Israel.

56) Some of the violence linked to religion in Israel and Palestine is also linked to

A) the immigration of Tibetan Buddhists into the area.

B) the ordination of women as leaders in some Protestant Christian denominations.

C) the existence of Mecca and Medina.

D) a belief in the equitable sharing of resources regardless of religious affiliation.

E) ethnic groups, resources, and disputes over the control of land.

E) ethnic groups, resources, and disputes over the control of land.

57) According to this map, the landscape of Quebec is distinguished from neighboring Canadian provinces and the United States partly because it

A) has toponyms from non Indo-European languages.

B) is not predominantly Christian.

C) has numerous religious toponyms.

D) may become part of France again.

E) displays numerous examples of religious tolerance.

C) has numerous religious toponyms

58) Judaism is classified as an ethnic rather than a universalizing religion, partly because

A) its main holidays relate to events in the life of its founder, Abraham.

B) it uses a standard solar calendar rather than a lunar calendar.

C) its rituals derive from the agricultural cycle in Israel.

D) it commemorates the Exodus from Egypt.

E) the holy text is the foundation of the religion.

C) its rituals derive from the agricultural cycle in Israel.

59) The agricultural calendar is relatively unimportant to which type of religions?

A) animist

B) ethnic

C) traditional

D) universalizing

E) Judaism, Shintoism, and Daoism

D) universalizing

60) The Julian and Gregorian calendars are

A) designed to celebrate religiously notable events in East Asia.

B) lunar calendars.

C) Christian calendars that are now used as standard calendars in much of the world.

D) Christian calendars that have been replaced by scientific, nonreligious calendars.

E) pre-Christian calendars

C) Christian calendars that are now used as standard calendars in much of the world.

61) Which of the following best describes the situation of religion in Tibet?

A) Only a few practice Buddhism; the majority observe Confucianism.

B) Tibetan leaders have a high degree of local control over the policies of their province.

C) The population has become almost entirely atheist since the Chinese invasion.

D) Its spiritual leader is in exile and the government discourages observance.

E) Freedom of religion is protected by provincial law.

D) Its spiritual leader is in exile and the government discourages observance.

62) Which is NOT a characteristic of a hierarchical religion?

A) It has a well-defined hierarchical structure.

B) It encourages each congregation to be self-sufficient.

C) It organizes territory into local administrative units.

D) It fosters interaction among different congregations.

E) Regional administration is located in large cities

B) It encourages each congregation to be self-sufficient.

63) Protestants in Ireland are

A) dispersed throughout the island.

B) recent immigrants from Great Britain.

C) highly clustered in one part of the island.

D) highly integrated with the Roman Catholic population.

E) ethnically English and not ethnically Irish.

C) highly clustered in one part of the island.

64) Jerusalem's geography represents a particularly difficult religious conflict to resolve because

A) sacred sites to Jews and Muslims are literally built on top of one another.

B) the population of Jerusalem is majority Christian but surrounded by majority Jewish and Muslim populations on either side.

C) the Israeli government has separated the most sacred sites with a massive concrete wall.

D) Israel captured the Sinai peninsula from Egypt.

E) few Muslims and Jews are allowed within the city.

A) sacred sites to Jews and Muslims are literally built on top of one another.

65) The barrier between Israel and the West Bank

A) has been ruled as illegal by both Israeli and international courts but is supported by other elements of the Israeli government.

B) is welcomed by both sides within the Palestinian and Israeli governments, regardless of their political affiliations.

C) represents the natural landscape feature of the Jordan River as described in early religious texts.

D) follows the previous border between Israel and Jordan.

E) has established peace in the Middle East.

A) has been ruled as illegal by both Israeli and international courts but is supported by other elements of the Israeli government.

66) The concept of a ghetto originally referred to the area of a city

A) inside the walls.

B) inhabited by the lowest-income people.

C) where Jews were forced to live.

D) where most blacks lived.

E) where the untouchable caste lived

C) where Jews were forced to live.

67) The example of Jerusalem indicates that in regards to the geographic landscape,

A) sacred sites may be equally important to universalizing and ethnic religions.

B) the population of Jerusalem is majority Christian but surrounded by majority Jewish and Muslim populations on either side.

C) the sacred sites for universalizing religions do not overlap with the sacred sites of ethnic religions.

D) there is almost always a clear distinction between the uses of sacred spaces by both ethnic and universalizing religions.

E) Islam and Christianity are not good examples of universalizing religions.

A) sacred sites may be equally important to universalizing and ethnic religions.

68) The exiled spiritual leader of Tibet is the

A) Dalai Buddha.

B) Kublai Khan.

C) Panchen Buddha.

D) Dalai Lama.

E) Buddha.

D) Dalai Lama.

69) For most of the past 2,000 years, most Jews have been

A) highly clustered in present-day Israel.

B) dispersed around the world.

C) concentrated in the United States.

D) forced to live in ghettos.

E) nomads herding sheep.

B) dispersed around the world.

70) Cremation is more important than burial in which religion?

A) Buddhism

B) Christianity

C) Hinduism

D) Islam

E) Judaism

C) Hinduism

71) The goal of the majority of people living in Northern Ireland is to

A) remain part of the United Kingdom.

B) migrate to the Republic of Ireland.

C) become part of the Republic of Ireland.

D) join the Irish Republican Army.

E) establish an independent republic.

A) remain part of the United Kingdom.

72) The United Nations partition plan dividing Palestine placed Jerusalem under

A) a British Mandate.

B) Palestinian administration.

C) Israeli administration.

D) divided administration.

E) United Nations administration.

E) United Nations administration.

73) Palestinians include all but which of the following groups?

A) residents of refugee camps

B) residents of territories occupied by Israel

C) citizens of other states calling themselves Palestinians

D) Jewish citizens of Israel

E) Muslim citizens of Israel

D) Jewish citizens of Israel

74) What policy did the British follow in India?

A) They divided India into three countries.

B) They forced all of the Hindus to migrate.

C) They turned the problem over to the United Nations.

D) They encouraged the abolition of the caste system.

E) They required all education to be conducted in English.

E) They required all education to be conducted in English.