properties of water

hydrogen bonds

• positive hydrogen of one water molecule bonds with negative oxygen of another
• relatively weak
• has high cohesion because of this, resulting in high surgace tension
• weak, temporary bind between molecules, can bind several water molecules together

cohesion

attraction between same molecules

adhesion

attraction between different molecules

capillary action

• how water defies gravity
• how leaves get water from roots
• uses cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension

polar molecule

• uneven charge/sharing of elections in molecule
• water is polar

phobic

nonpolar

philic

polar

polar covalent bonds

• come from sharing electrons unevenly, between oxygen and hydrogen of water molecule

heat capacity

amount of energy needed to raise substance's temp by making molecules move faster

importance:

• keep cells at even temp
• stabilizes earth's temp
• evaporative cooling

universal solvent

• polarity makes water able to dissolve ionic compunds and polar molecules
• more substances dissolve in water than any other substance on earth
• hydrophobic things don't dissolve, hydrophillic do
• dissolves nutrients like salt and sugar

ice density

• unique because less dense as solid than liquid
• why ice floats
• hydrogen bonds held in place as water freezes, creating crystal structure