Studied by 3 peopleLand breeze
Occurs during night; Comes from land; cooler air over land moves toward rising warm air over water to replace it
Sea breeze
Occurs during the day; comes from the sea; warm air above land rises and cold air above water moves to replace it
Rising Hot Air
Has low density
Sinking Cool Air
Has more density
Air mass
Massive pockets of air formed when air separates due to moving over different surfaces with different temperatures.
Cloud formation
Requires water vapor, dust particles, and low air pressure
Air pressure change causes…
Cloud formation
Convection current
The circulating movement of air or water caused by temperature differences.
Winds in the northern hemisphere
Trade winds, westerlies, and easterlies
Density
The degree of compactness in a substance.
Coriolis Effect
The apparent deflection of moving objects when described relative to a rotating reference frame.
Air masses are formed
When air takes on the temperature and humidity characteristics of the surface below
Wind is created
Cold, dense air sinking and moving to replace (wind) the warm, less dense air rising
Atmospheric convection current
Caused by uneven heating of Earth’s surface
Deep ocean currents
Caused by convection currents in the ocean
Convection currents in the ocean
Caused by uneven heating and salinity of oceans
Surface currents
Caused by wind and upwelling
El Nino and La Nina
Caused by a change in trade winds
Storm systems
Created when 2 different air masses meet with different temperature and humidity characteristics at a front.
Radiation
When heat is transferred through electromagnetic radiation
Conduction
When heat is transferred by direct contact between 2 objects
Convection
When heat is transferred by movement of gases and liquids
Jet stream
A constant tube of wind that moves air masses around Earth
Cold front
Cold air mass slides under warm air mass, which is pushed upward rapidly; Forms clouds, rain, snow
Warm front
Warm air mass overrides cold air mass and slides over it slowly; Forms light rain/snow, scattered clouds
Stationary front
Neither air mass has energy to push the other; Forms days of clouds and precipitation
Occluded front
A cold and cool air mass meet and push up a warm air mass; Forms clouds, rain, snow
High pressure weather
Sunny weather, clear sky, no precipitation
Low pressure weather
Precipitation like rain and snow
High air pressure clouds
Low clouds, denser and thicker
Low air pressure clouds
High clouds, less dense and thinner
Humidity
The amount of water vapor in the air
Air pressure
Force per unit area exerted on a surface by the weight of
air above that surface; effected by elevation, temperature, and water vapor
Weather
Temperature, pressure, humidity, precipitation, and wind at a specific place and time
Climate
The weather conditions that are characteristic of a region over a long period of time
How oceans influence weather and climate
Oceans absorb and release energy from the sun and redistribute it through ocean currents
El Nino
Caused by decrease in trade winds; Causes decreased upwelling; increased temperatures
La Nina
Caused by increased trade winds; causes increased upwelling; decreased temperatures
Note
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