IB Paper 1 - Practice

Alliteration

Repetition of initial consonant sounds

Allusion

A reference to another work of literature, person, or event

Amplification

A figure of speech that repeats a word or expression while adding more detail to it in order to emphasize something.

Analogy

Comparison of two things or abstract ideas.

Anaphora

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.

Anadiplosis

Figure of repetition that occurs when the last word or terms in one sentence, clause, or phrase is/are repeated at or very near the beginning of the next sentence, clause, or phrase.

Anastrophe

Inversion of the usual, normal, or logical order of the parts of a sentence. Purpose is rhythm or emphasis or euphony. It is a fancy word for inversion.

Anecdote

A short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.

Antithesis

Two ideas that sharply contrast with each other and are juxtaposed in a parallel grammatical structure.

Asyndeton

The omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.

Chiamus

A statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed. Eg ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.

Diacope

Repetition of a word or phrase after an intervening word or phrase.

Distinctio

Elaborating on the definition of a word to make sure there is no misunderstanding.

Eponym

Using a famous person's name to convey an idea.

Ethos

Speaker's appeal to ethics and credibility.

Expletive

Figure of emphasis in which a single word or short phrase, usually interrupting normal speech, is used to lend emphasis to the words on either side of the expletive.

Hyperbole

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

Hyperphora

Asking and answering your own question

Litotes

A form of understatement that is used to "soften" the meaning of a word.

Logos

An appeal based on logic or reason

Meiosis

A euphemistic figure of speech that intentionally understates something or implies that it is lesser in significance or size than it really is.

Mesodiplosis

Repetition of the same word or words in the middle of successive sentences.

Parallelism

Phrases or sentences of a similar construction/meaning placed side by side, balancing each other.

Pathos

Appeal to emotion.

Polysyndeton

Repetition of a conjunction between each word or phrase in a list.

Symploce

Repeating words at both the beginning and the ending of a phrase.

Tricolon

A series of three parallel words, phrases, or clauses

Varied sentence length

Contrasting long sentences with short ones, for effect and emphasis.