Unit 8

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26 Terms

1

Instinct Theory

Behavior that is unlearned and classified as instincts.

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2

Drive-reduction theory

Focuses on physiological needs that create an aroused/motivated state to reduce the need.

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3

Arousal theory

Human motivation aims to seek optimum levels of arousal.

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4

Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Needs take priority, with hunger and thirst being the most important.

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5

Appetite-stimulating/suppressing hormones

Secreted by areas of the hypothalamus to regulate appetite.

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6

Weight thermostat

The point at which the body's metabolic rate combines to restore lost weight.

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7

Carbs and serotonin

High-calorie foods boost the neurotransmitter serotonin, which has a calming effect.

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8

Situational influences on eating

Aroused appetite, serving size, friends and food, selections/variety, and nudging nutrition.

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9

Sexual motivation

Nature's way of making people procreate.

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10

Testosterone and estrogen

Hormones involved in sexual behavior.

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11

Sexual response cycle

Four stages of sexual responding.

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12

Affiliation Need

The deep need to belong.

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13

Benefits of belonging

Boosting health/well-being, satisfying relationships, and making life meaningful.

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14

James-Lange Theory

Arousal comes before emotion.

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15

Cannon-Bard Theory

Arousal and emotion occur simultaneously.

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16

Shachter-Singer Two Factor Theory

Arousal + Label = emotion; arousal fuels emotion and cognition channels it.

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17

Primary emotions

Anger, fear, disgust, sadness, and happiness.

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18

Brain activity and emotions

More reliable than heart rate, breathing, and perspiration when telling emotions.

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19

Facial expressions and emotions

More universal than gestures.

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20

Facial feedback effect

Facial muscle states trigger corresponding feelings.

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21

Behavior feedback effect

Behavior influences thoughts, feelings, and actions.

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22

Stress appraisal

Stress arises from how we appraise events.

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23

General Adaptation Syndrome

The body's adaptive response to stress in three phases.

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24

Tend-and-befriend response

Common in women, involves seeking social support in response to stress.

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25

Defense mechanisms

Strategies used by the ego to protect itself.

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26

Projective tests

Designed to give insight into a person's unconscious mind.

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