GMetrix Networking Unit 1 - Networking Fundamentals

Learn about the fundamentals of networking and how devices connect to one another.

Extranet

An internal secure network with limited, authenticated public access

Virtual machines provide an area…

to test apps and features without risking a host operating system

Virtual machines are software-based, fully functional instances of…

an operating system inside a hypervisor

Virtual machines allow users to run…

multiple operating systems in one

Types of VPN connection include…

site-to-site connection and remote-to-site connection

In site-to-site connection…

2 businesses or 2 locations within a network can connect to each other

In remote-to-site connection…

a business or location outside a network connects to one within a network

When using the Remote Desktop Connection tool…

a remote user is given TOTAL control over a device

Also, when using the Remote Desktop Connection tool…

other users cannot view the remote user’s actions on the device and they cannot seize control until the connection is broken. The remote user is the only one that can do anything on this machine.

As a safety measure before the remote user can access the device using the RDC tool…

they must first provide/input the proper credentials

Internet

World’s largest public network and offers many ways to connect to a vast amount of information

Intranet

An intranet is a website that is internal to a business and not seen by the public.

If you have an intranet and decide to allow some members from outside an organization into the intranet…

you technically have an extranet

Two basic types of networks

Peer-to-peer and client-sever

Peer-to-peer

Most home and small office networks

Peer-to-peer networks have…

no central device managing and storing users, files, and folders

Every device on a peer-to-peer network is its own server…

because every device is responsible for managing access to its own resources (mostly files and folders)

Client-server

Network present in many medium to large-sized businesses

A client-server network has…

a central server that hosts all the user accounts, devices, and permissions for the users and devices

Active Directory is…

the server piece in a Windows-based client-server network

3 Main Data Transmission Types

Unicast, multicast, and broadcast

Unicast

Data is transmitted from one device to another

Mutlicast

One device transmits data to a selected group of devices

Broadcast

A device transmits data to every other device on its network

Important networking devices

Switches, routers, cables (important to also know types of cables)

IoT Device (Internet of Things Device)

A device that can be controlled remotely, often through a smartphone app or something similar

An example of an IoT Device is…

a thermostat that can be programmed remotely using an app

Hypervisor

A tool that manages physical resources for virtual machines

Microsoft’s hypervisor

Hyper-V manager

The job of the hypervisor for Windows is…

to manage how virtual machines handle physical system resources (if virtual machines are present). The hypervisor needs to get the physical RAM needed for a virtual machines.

Ubuntu

Linux operating system

Type II Hypervisor

A hypervisor that sits within an operating system, such as Windows 10 Pro

Example of Type II Hypervisor

Hyper-V manager

Type I Hypervisor examples

vSphere and Citrix XenServer

Type I Hypervisor (also known as bare-metal hypervisors)

A hypervisor that runs on its own operating system

A virtual machine is encompassed…

within a hypervisor

Most hypervisors have some type of virtual switch manager, such as

Hyper-V manager

The virtual switch manager can help set up…

a testing network for virtual machines

External virtual switch…

gives the virtual machines using this switch access to whatever the host PC has access to (if the host PC has internet access, the virtual machines also have internet access)

Internal virtual switch

virtual machines on this switch only have access to each other and the host machine

Private virtual switch

virtual machines will only have access to each other

A best practice is…

to keep testing networks isolated

After creating a virtual switch…

they are assigned to network adapters on virtual machines

Remote access method for networking includes…

virtual private networks (VPNs)

VPN

a private network that uses a public network, usually the internet, to transmit data from a source to a destination

Remote-to-site VPN connection

Using a windows monitor to connect to a business network

Server address of a VPN might look like

vpn.rusticgolfcourse.net

Types of VPNs (types of encryption connection)

Automatic, Point to Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP), L2TP/IPsec with certificate, L2TP/IPsec with pre-shared key, Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP), IKEv2

Both site-to-site VPNs and remote-to-site VPNs require…

a form of user authentication to access the network

Site-to-site VPN connection

2 businesses or 2 locations within a network are connected to each other

When using the Remote Desktop Connection tool…

the user is typically required to enter the IP address of the device they’re connecting to, and then enter the credentials of the device (this could be a password)

Windows has something called Remote Assistance, which allows…

one to see what someone is doing when connected to a machine

Some remote tools allow for…

passing control of a device back and forth between the person on a device and the person remoted into the device.