Human Geo Unit 5

What is a hearth

when something originates then spreads out

Iraq cultivated what?

wheat, rye, and more.

Iraq is

Northern and eastern Africa, Europe, middle east

SE asia cultivates

Mango, Taro, Coconut, Bananas

East Asia cultivates

rice, soybeans

East Asia is

Korea, Japan

Central America/Mesoamerica cultivated

Maize, potato, squash, peppers.

Central America/Mesoamerica is

North america and south America

Sub saharan africa culptivated

yams, sorghum, coffee

Trade routes across the ____ hemisphere diffused plants and animals.

• Silk road brought plants and animals to central ___, middle east, and europe.

• Indian ocean trade brought plants and animals to south asia, middle east, ____, and europe.

eastern, asia, africa

• Columbian exchange *

• Adter the spanish counquered mesoamerica and south America, they diffused plants and animals to and from the area. 

• Maize, squash, potatoes, and other crops were taken to Europe and planted.

• Sugar, coffee, horses, cattle, and other animals were brought to the Americas. 

READ IT AGAIN

Population migration-

population migration brought different cousins new areas

-People moved to new countries and brought new foods and ingredients with them.

• Increasing ___ has raised demand for animal protein 

wealth

Large transitional corporations like McDonalds has…

raised demand for animal protein

1. Purpose 

• _____: purposeful focus on crops brown on profit

• _____: purpose of crops is to provide food for family/community

Commercial, Subsistence

• United states- agriculture:

0.7%

• India agriculture:

47%

• Guatemala: agriculture:

31.4%

Agribusiness

• how agriculture is connected to other aspects of food production

Ininsive farming

• greater amount of money and labor being invested compared to the land being farmed (so basically a lot of hard labor) (usually closer to the city)

Extensive farming

less money and labor being used compared to the amount of land farmed. (usually farther from the city)

Land is more _____ close to the city

expensive

Intensive commercial example

•  soda city market because they are there selling their crops for profit 

What is intensive farming

Greater amount of money and labor being invested compared to the land being farmed (so basically a lot of hard labor)

what are agricultural hearths

An agricultural hearth is defined as a place of origin for agricultural technologies, culture, and innovations.

SE asia important crops are

Mondos, vegetative planting

uses lots of ctechnology and machinery-

commercial

what was the primary impact of the neolithic revolution?
A. The development of industrial technology

B. The shift from nomadic lifestyles to settled farming

C. The decline of hunting and gathering societies

B

Which of the following crops is most associated with the origins of agriculture in the fertile crescent/modern day turkey? ***TEST QUESTIONN

A. Wheat

B. Maize

C. Rice

D. Potatos

A, wheat

which agricultural activity is typically intensive rather than extensive?
A. Pastoral nomadism in arid regions

B. Dairy farming near urban markets

C. Wheat farming on large tracts of land in canada

D. Livestalk ranching in the great plains

B, dairy farming near urban markets

Substinince agriculture is most commonly found in:

A. highly industrialized countries

B. Regions with low population densities

C. Developing regions with limited access to technology

D. Urban centers in developed countries

C

Commercial agriculture in more likely to involve:

A. A high diversity of crops grown on small plots of land

B. The use of advanced technology and market-oriented production

B

cold mid latitude-

north central u.s.a, southern canadam easern europe.Wheat, barley, livestalk, dairy cows

warm mid latitude-

southern china, southern u.s.a. Vegtables, fruits, rice

Mediterranean

Ca;ifornia, chile, Mediterranean, sea area,. Grapes, olives, dates

grasslands/continental steppe

northern africam western u.s.a, grasslands, mongolia

sub-tropical

Indonesia, west indies. rice, cotton, tobacco

tropical-

equilateral africa, indonesia. Coffee, sugar, tea, cacao, pineapple

Intensive agricultural systems

• requires large amount of labor and capital

• use small plots of land usually located near large populations

• are characterized by high yield per acre

• examples include rice, milk stuck farming

extensive agricultural systems

• are characterised y low capital and labor inputs

• use large plots and of land that are away from population centers

• are characterized by low yield per acre

• examples include: shifting cultivations

plantation agriculture-

capital and labor intensive, cash crops, monocropping (growing only one crop), neocolonialism, bananas, coffee, cocoa, rubber sugar

monocropping means…

only growing one crop

only ____ can produce coffee in the united states

hawaii

we cannot produce ____ in america

bananas

Milkshed-

the area that milk can be delivered before it spoils

pattyrice-

terrances, specific climate thailand leading exporter east asia

you have to have a ____ climate to grow rice ***

Wet

____ ____ grows a lot of rice

south asia

nomadic herding/pastoral nomadism-

arid climate (dry climate)

which two types of agriculture use the highest amount of land? ***TEST QUESTION

Shifting cultivation, nomadic herding

An agricultural hearth is best defined as:

• a location where crops are traded

• a place where agriculture first originated and diffused outward

• a region specializing in commercial farming

• a climate zone suitable for farming

B

 Which crops are most strongly associated with the Southeast Asian agricultural hearth?
A. Wheat and barley
B. Maize and squash
C. Rice and soybeans
D. Bananas, taro, mangoes, coconuts

D

The domestication of wheat and rye most likely originated in which hearth?
A. Mesoamerica
B. Sub-Saharan Africa
C. Southwest Asia (Iraq region)
D. East Asia

C

Which of the following was a direct result of the Columbian Exchange?
A. Rice spreading from East Asia to Europe
B. Coffee spreading from Africa to Southeast Asia
C. Horses being introduced to the Americas
D. Wheat spreading across the Silk Road

C

Which trade route most directly diffused crops and animals across the Eastern Hemisphere?
A. Trans-Saharan Trade Route
B. Columbian Exchange
C. Silk Road
D. Atlantic Slave Trade

C

 Which country has the highest percentage of its workforce employed in agriculture?
A. United States
B. Guatemala
C. India
D. Japan

C

Which of the following best explains why intensive farming is usually located near cities?
A. Land is cheaper near cities
B. Climate is more favorable
C. Crops are sold quickly to nearby markets
D. More land is available

C

 Which agricultural system is characterized by monocropping, cash crops, and neocolonialism?
A. Shifting cultivation
B. Pastoral nomadism
C. Plantation agriculture
D. Subsistence farming

C

Which two agricultural systems use the largest amount of land?
A. Dairy farming and ranching
B. Plantation agriculture and rice farming
C. Shifting cultivation and nomadic herding
D. Commercial gardening and truck farming

C

. Why is climate important to agricultural practices?
A. Climate determines access to technology
B. Similar climates support similar crops worldwide
C. Climate determines government policies
D. Climate affects only subsistence farming

B

Dairy- intensive or extensive

Intensive

Milkshed-

area that milk can be delivered before it spoils  close to markets    outside MS butter , cheese, yougurt commercial

Nomadic herding/pastoral nomadism

subsistence extensive arid/dry climates in africa and asia animals depend on climate 2nd most land area transhumance

Ranching

extensive commercial  lots of land  grasslands  declining as land is turned into farmland 

Market gardening

intensive commercial SE US california fruits and vegetables at a large scale migrant labor  we get many of our fruits and vegetables in the winter from south america! (they are in their summer) 

Shifting cultivation/slash and burn clearing rainforests-

subsistence extensive largest % of land area  swidden  tropics  amazon inefficient lots of land few people damages the env. Multi cropping subsistence 

Mixed crop and livestock fattening-

intensive cattle constantly need feeding and watering  corn and soybeans  feed lots  commercial surrounding land grows the crops fed 

Plantation

intensive tropics LDCs  cash crops for MDCs coffee sugarcane rubber cocoa bananas palm oil… neocolonialisnm commercial monocropping 

grain /cereal farming-

extensive wheat and corn found in belts commmercial mid latitude climated 

Paddy farming rice

labor intensive in SE Asia east and south asia and other poorer areas terraces mostly subsistence tough rice is also commercial india on map 

Which 2 types of agriculture combined occupy the greatest/highest  % of all types of agriculture

shifting cul 1 and nomadic herding is 2 (pastoral nomadism) 

Clustered

everybody lives close together. Most of the world is in clusters. 

Dispersed

in north america. When they live spread out. Opposite of clustered. 

Linear

 when they are all living along a line, like a road. 

Metes and bounds

• Short distances 

• No pattern 

• Landmarks 

Long Lots (French long lots)

• Relationship to river 

• Could be found in louisiana, especially along the mississippi river 

Township and range

• Survey methods vs. landmarks 

• Grid system 

• Us midwest 

Agribusiness

Agribusiness is the entire industrial network involved in producing, processing, distributing, and marketing agricultural products, encompassing everything from farming supplies (seeds, machinery, fertilizer) to food production,, transportation, and retail. It combines agriculture and commerce to manage the full value chain from farm to consumer. 

Central america/mesoamerica have the

most important crops 

Does most of Africa have good farmland?

No

Green revolution

• Norman Borlaug: started Green   

• Focused on LDCs 

• Rice, wheat corn 

• Effects- Farmers dept increased, soil fertility declined, pesticides and fertilizer residues build up 

• Think green revolution then think chemicals 

________ keep insects from destroying crops

Pesticides

_____ target weeds and other invasive plants in the field 

Herbicides

The ____ ______ brought new farming methods

Green revolution

• Positive effects of the green revolution: 

• Higher yields resulted in less starvation, lower death rates, and growing populations in developing countries since they had enough to eat 

• Countries like mexico and india became exporters of food instead of importers of food 

• Increased production brought lower prices for food globally

• Money and profits increased for universities and agricultural companies 

• Negative effects of the green revolution

• capital -intensive farming methods led to the consolidation of factory farms and loss of family farms. People moved to cuties for jobs 

• More machinery meant that fewer women worked in agriculture, and their role is further marginalized. 

• Negative environmental effects such as soil