APUSH Unit 9A Test

The terms in italics will be apart of Monday's quiz

***Progressive Era***

* __***Reform***__
* __***Change***__

Progressive Age

1900-1917

* A response to
* __Urbanization__ and __industrialization__
* __Abuses__ by __big businesses__ (trusts)
* __Corruption__
* __Inefficiency__
* __Social injustice__ (poor, women)
* __Large $$ gap__

Progressives

Are:

* __Urban middle class__
* More __concerned__ with __domestic than foreign policy__

Want:

* The __**gov**__. to be an __instrument of change__
* The __**people**__ must have __more power__ (Democracy must work for the people)

Believed:

* __Capitalism__ must be __maintained__ but tweaked to __meet the needs of the workers__ (big business has too many advantages)

Socialism

Gains strength at this time and challenges capitalism

* __**Laissez-faire policies of the past not working**__

Scientific Management

Fredrick Taylor

* __Organization in business__
* __Study worker output__

__**Could be used in politics also**__

*Muckrakers*

Writers who __*expose the “evils” of society*__

* Increased circulation of newspapers and magazines helped the muckrakers influence on society

__*Critical of “machine politics”*__

* __*Lack of comprehension programs for the poor*__
* __*Corruption*__

***Progressive Amendments***

* __***16th amendment***__
* __***Income tax***__ ***(graduated)***
* __***17th amendment***__
* ***Direct* __*election of senators*__ *(more political power for the people)***
* __***18th amendment***__
* __***Prohibition of Alcohol***__
* ***19th amendment***
* __***Women’s suffrage***__

Elkins Act

Increased penalties for rate debates

Railroad Business

J.P. Morgan wants to monopolize the rr business in the NW

* __**Northern Securities Company**__
* __TR breaks up Northern Securities__

Meat Inspection Act

The federal gov. would __regulate and inspect the meat industry__

Pure Food and Drug Act

Created __FDA__ & __protected the public__ against the manufacture, sale, and transportation __of mislabeled foods and drugs__

***The Jungle***

Book by __Upton Sinclair, a socialist__ (1906)

* Told __horrors of the meat packing industry__/plight of the workers
* __Tried to show the plight of the workers and the shortcoming of capitalism__, however…
* The __American public saw__ the book as a __critique of the meat-packing industry__

TR pushes for legislation (1906)

* __***Meat Inspection Act***__
* __***Pure Food and Drug Act***__

Jane Addams

A __middle-class woman dedicated to uplifting the urban masses__

* Established __settlement houses__ (__Hull House__)

***Initiative, Referendum, Recall***

* __**Initiative**__: Voters __propose legislation__
* __**Referendum**__: People get __final approval__
* __**Recall**__: Call a __new election__
* ***Average system is more involved***

__**Direct Election of Senators**__

More __accountability to the people__

* __(17th Amendment)__

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

* Regulates __trust__
* __Merger restrictions__
* More __rights for workers__ (greater freedom to organize)
* __**“Magna Carta for Labor”- Samuel Gompers**__

Thomas Woodrow Wilson

* Only 2nd DEM pres. since 1861
* __**Born in Virginia (south reconstruction)**__
* Gov. of NJ
* Pres. of Princeton Univ.
* Very __strong leader but stubborn and idealistic; not a great compromiser__

New Freedom

__W.W.’s program__ in his campaign for the presidency

* Attacks the triple wall of privilege


1. __Tariffs__
2. __Banking__
3. __Trusts__

Underwood Tariff

Provided for a __substantial reduction of rates__ and __enacted an unprecedented, graduated federal income tax__

Federal Reserve Act

__W.W.’s__ __**banking**__ __of New Freedom__

* Sets up __present banking system__ (12 districts)
* __Regulates the money supply__

Dollar Diplomacy

US will __**invest**__ in 3rd world countries (China, Lat. America) __to build railroads, strategic__

* Taft alienates the Progressives

Australian Ballot

A system that allows __voters privacy__ in marking their ballot choices

Muller v. Ogden

1908

* __Protection of women workers__ (conditions)
* Louis Brandeis (lawyer)
* Upheld an Oregon law __limiting the workday for female wage earners to ten hours__


* __Evidence of effects of factory work on women__

__**Brandeis sets a precedent and becomes the 1st Jew on the SC**__

Lochner v. NY

Supreme Court (1905)

* __Loss for Progressives__
* __Bakers lose fight for a 10-hour work day__ (down from 12)

WCTU

__Women’s Christian Temperance Union__

* __Largest women’s organization__ in the world
* Many states and counties pass __“dry laws”__

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

* 1911
* __130 people die__
* __Leads to safety regulations and codes__
* __Workman’s compensation__

Square Deal (3 C’s)

* __Corporations__: __control__ of corporations
* __Consumers__: consumer __protection__
* __Conservation__: conservation of the __environment__ & its natural resources

According to TR…

* __**Trusts must be regulated**__
* __**Keep good trusts, break up bad trusts**__
* Business must know the __gov. is in charge, not business__

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

* __Taft__ had __promised__ the __Progressives a low tariff__
* Allows __Congress__ to push through a __high tariff__

__**Ballinger-Pinchott affair**__

* TR had appointed Gifford Pinchott as Head of Forestry Dept.
* Taft appoints Richard Ballinger as Sec. of Interior
* __Pinchott disagrees with Ballinger on policy, Ballinger fires Pinchott__
* __TR is angry with Taft__


* __GOP now splits:__
* __Old Guard__ (Taft)
* __Progressives__ (TR)

Note:

Although __Wilson__ was __**NOT**__ __supportive of women’s suffrage__, the __Progressive Movement was__

***Plessy v Ferguson***

* Ruled that __because a car was provided for African-American passengers, the state of Louisiana had not violated the Fourteenth Amendment__
* Justices used the __***“separate but equal” doctrine to justify their decision***__

***Election of 1912***

***Wilson won because* __*Rep party was split*__**