S03/S02

These flashcards cover key concepts related to wound healing and complications in oral veterinary medicine, detailing phases of healing, types of wounds, and various influences on the healing process.

What are the three types of wound healing described in the oral cavity?

First intention, second intention, and tertiary intention.

What characterizes first intention wound healing?

Adequate wound margin apposition with primary closure, resulting in quick healing and minimal scar formation.

What is required in second intention wound healing?

Granulation tissue formation and connective tissue development without primary closure.

What does tertiary intention wound healing involve?

Leaving a wound purposely open due to infection risk.

What is the first phase of wound healing?

Inflammatory phase.

What occurs during hemostasis in the inflammatory phase?

Platelets form a clot and release mediators.

What types of cells are involved in the acute inflammatory response?

Neutrophils and macrophages.

What is the purpose of the inflammatory phase?

To remove injurious agents and prepare the wound for healing.

What is significant about the proliferative phase of wound healing?

Fibroblasts migrate to the injury site, proliferate, and secrete growth factors.

What forms as a result of fibroblast activity during the proliferative phase?

New blood and lymph vessels.

What happens during the maturation/remodeling phase?

Scar tissue becomes avascular, involving collagen synthesis and collagenolysis.

What is observed in the healing process of an alveolus after tooth extraction?

Blood clot organization within 48 hours and inflammation migration starts.

How long does it take for the alveolus to show new bone formation radiographically?

6 weeks.

What is a critical aspect for direct bone healing?

Accurate bone reduction and rigid fixation.

What are congenital causes of cleft palate in dogs and cats?

Developmental problems, teratogens, or spontaneous defects.

What is an oronasal fistula?

Abnormal communication between oral and nasal cavities lined by epithelium.

What is the primary cause of oronasal fistula in dogs?

Periodontal disease leading to bone loss.

What can contribute to the formation of oronasal fistulae?

Injury, bite wounds, burns, and neoplasia.

What should be done if a root fragment cannot be extracted?

Radiographic documentation must be performed, and the client should be notified.

What is the effect of root fragment length on inflammation?

Risk of inflammation increases by 17% per 1mm of retained root.

What role do cytokines play during the inflammatory phase?

They are released by inflammatory cells to promote healing.

What happens to the alveolus during the first three weeks post-extraction?

It fills with granulation tissue and shows new bone formation.

How are palatal clefts formed?

Through improper fusion of the palatal processes.

How do age factors affect wound healing?

Older patients heal slower than younger patients.

What are some factors that can complicate wound healing?

Infection, inadequate tissue perfusion, and age.