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Intercalation
A literary technique in the Gospel of Mark that involves inserting a story within another story, creating a 'sandwich' effect.
Messianic Secret
A theme in the Gospel of Mark where Jesus restricts disclosure of his identity until his death.
Apocalypticism
A belief system related to the impending end times, characterized by a view of history involving cosmic conflict.
Two Source Theory
A hypothesis suggesting that the Gospel of Matthew was based on the Gospel of Mark and a hypothetical source called Q.
Fulfillment Citation
References in the Gospel of Matthew indicating that events in Jesus' life fulfill Old Testament prophecies.
Ekklesia
The Greek term for 'church,' specifically used only in the Gospel of Matthew.
Ransom Theory
An atonement theory that suggests Jesus' death was a payment to Satan to release humankind from captivity.
Christus Victor
An atonement theory that describes Jesus’ death and resurrection as a victory over the powers of evil.
Penal Substitution
An atonement theory in which Jesus takes on the punishment for sin, acting as a substitute for humanity.
Moral Influence Theory
An interpretation of Jesus' sacrifice as a means to inspire humanity to turn back to God and change their lives.
Governmental Theory
God publicly demonstrated against sin while maintaining his divinity
Zalusus – eye
God is a just God
View 1 – The Way of Jesus as an Interim Ethic
Jesus believed final judgment was near
Called his disciples to a rigorous way of life in preparation for this end
Jesus was wrong: the end of age did not occur
Therefore one cannot apply the Sermon on the Mount in the modern world, we don’t see our time as the world is about to end
View 2 – The Way of Jesus as an “Impossible Possibility”
Jesus is the embodiment of defined love and calls his disciples to embody this
Jesus calls humans to do the impossible – sin leads humans to fall short
is the standard of human life
Turning the other cheek only applies to private relations
Christians aspire to love our enemies – but we cease to do so fully
Jesus does not offer love as a norm for public life
Doesn’t work in a modern judicial system
Can not expect nation-states to love enemies
View 3 – The Way of Jesus as The Way of Love
All of Christ’s teaching is defined by his call to love God and neighbor
Asserts that Jesus expected his followers to love all things
Love is not an impossibility
Love friends, neighbors, and enemies
Love sometimes requires the sacrifice of one’s interests
Love applies to public life too
View 4 – The Way of Jesus as The Way of the New Age
God’s kingdom is different than the kingdoms of this world
Jesus proclaimed the arrival of this kingdom
Jesus offered a way of life for the church
The church has a mission: Christians are to reveal the reality of this new age
Reject returning violence for violence in all its forms
Loving the enemy
