Erikson's Stages of Development and Piaget's Cognitive Development

Trust vs. Mistrust

The first stage of Erikson's theory, occurring from birth to 18 months, focused on developing trust in caregivers.

Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

The second stage of Erikson's theory, occurring from 18 months to 3 years, focused on developing a sense of independence.

Initiative vs. Guilt

The third stage of Erikson's theory, occurring from 3 to 6 years, focused on initiating activities and developing goals.

Industry vs. Inferiority

The fourth stage of Erikson's theory, occurring from 6 to 12 years, focused on competence in skills.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

The fifth stage of Erikson's theory, occurring from 12 to 18 years, focused on developing a personal identity.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

The sixth stage of Erikson's theory, occurring from 19 to 40 years, focused on forming intimate relationships.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

The seventh stage of Erikson's theory, occurring from 40 to 65 years, focused on contributing to society and guiding the next generation.

Integrity vs. Despair

The eighth stage of Erikson's theory, occurring from 65 years and beyond, focused on reflecting on life with a sense of fulfillment.

Virtue of Hope & Optimism

The positive outcome of the Trust vs. Mistrust stage.

Virtue of Will

The positive outcome of the Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt stage.

Virtue of Purpose

The positive outcome of the Initiative vs. Guilt stage.

Virtue of Competence

The positive outcome of the Industry vs. Inferiority stage.

Virtue of Fidelity

The positive outcome of the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage.

Virtue of Love

The positive outcome of the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage.

Virtue of Care

The positive outcome of the Generativity vs. Stagnation stage.

Virtue of Wisdom

The positive outcome of the Integrity vs. Despair stage.

Developmental Milestones

A list of skills that most children can do by a certain age.

Object permanence

Understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.

Sensorimotor Stage

Piaget's first stage (birth to 2 years) where infants learn through their senses and actions.

Preoperational Stage

Piaget's second stage (2 to 7 years) characterized by symbolic thinking but lack of logical reasoning.

Concrete Operational Stage

Piaget's third stage (7 to 11 years) where children develop logical thought but struggle with abstract concepts.

Formal Operational Stage

Piaget's fourth stage (12 years and up) where individuals develop abstract reasoning capabilities.

Magical Thinking

A characteristic of the Preoperational Stage, where children believe their thoughts can influence the world.

Parallel Play

Play in which children engage with others in proximity without direct interaction.

Associative Play

Unorganized play without goals or rules, typically seen in ages 3 to 6.

Developmental Delay

Failure to achieve developmental milestones, which can indicate potential developmental issues.

Imaginative Play

Play that involves creativity and imagination, common in preschoolers.

Foley Catheter Procedure

A medical procedure generally requiring specific teaching methods appropriate to each child's developmental stage.

Separation Anxiety

Fear and distress exhibited by infants when separated from their primary caregiver, typically evident by 6 months.

Pincer Grasp

Fine motor skill developed around 10 months, allowing infants to pick up small items using their thumb and index finger.

Language Development at 12 months

Includes understanding simple words, mimicking gestures, and having a vocabulary of 3-5 words.

Gross Motor Skills at 2 years

Includes walking without help, running, and kicking a ball.

Fine Motor Skills at 2 years

Includes building a tower of 7 blocks and drawing vertical lines.

300+ words by age 3

Signifies advanced