Studied by 16 people
Elements of Art
The visual components of color, line, shape, texture, and value.
line
necessary for art
path of a movement point
color
light reflected of a surface
properties: hue, intensity. value
value
how light or dark something is on a scale of white to black
texture
how something feels or looks like it feels
shape
enclosed space defined by the other elements of art
shape is 2D, form is 3D
geometric or organic
Principles of Art
Balance, emphasis, contrast, movement, rhythm, unity, space, and variety
space
feeling of depth on a 2D surface
positive and negative space
rhythm
combining elements to create a feeling of action/movement
guiding the movement of the viewers eye
contast
an element conflicting with another to create interest
emphasis
another word for contrast
combing opposite elements to create a center of interest
balance
creating stability in art
types of balance
symmetrical balance - both halves are the same
asymmetric balance - two halves are different but carry the same visual weight
radial balance - image revolves around a central point
variety
different elements combined
repetition
elements used multiple times to create patterns or unity
harmony
the feeling of unity throughout a piece
contour drawing
drawing in which only contour lines are used to represent the subject matter
What are the basic rules of contour drawing?
Don't left pen of paper unless needed
No shading
No coloring
Must look 90% at subject matter, 10% and the paper
drawing techniques
hatching, stippling, contour, blending, shading, stumbling, etc
Basic Shapes
There are four basic shapes (cone, sphere, cylinder, and cube) that are used to create objects in works of art.
organic shapes
Shape that are flowy and natural line structure. Not angular but more circular.
Geomentric Shape
Shapes that conform to regular, angular geometry. E.i squares, rectangles and pentagons
Chiaroscuro
the treatment of light and shade in drawing and painting
highlight
an area of lightest value in a work
core shadow
The darkest part of a shadow
Midtones
Tone values in an image that fall midway between highlight and shadow tones
cast shadow
the shadow that exists underneath an object.
reflective light
The relatively weak light that bounces off a nearby surface onto the shadowed side of a form.
Color Theory
Color theory is the way we mix colors together to create new colors or how we can select color combinations from the color wheel. Color theory also involves the messages colors communicate; the methods used to replicate color.
complimentary colors
Colors opposite on the color wheel
primary colors
red, yellow, blue
secondary colors
orange, green, violet
tertiary colors
yellow-orange, red-orange, red-violet, blue-violet, blue-green, yellow-green
split complementary
a color and the 2 colors on either side of its complement
analogous colors
colors that are next to each other on the color wheel
Monochromatic colors
all the hues (tints and shades) of a single color
warm colors
red, orange, yellow
seem to move towards the viewer
cool colors
blue, green, violet
seem to recede from the viewer
hue
a particular shade of a given color
shade
Adding black to a color
Tint
Adding white to a color
how can you dull a color?
by mixing a hue with its complement
cave art
prehistoric art found in caves
abstract art
art that depicts natural objects in simplified, distorted, or exaggerated ways
Representational Art
art that recognizably represents or depicts a particular subject
non-representational art
presents visual forms with no specific references to anything outside themselves
Chauvet Cave
The earliest known painted cave, dated to between 38,000 and 33,000 years ago. It is located in Lascaux, France.
Great Hall of the Bulls
Artist: unknown
Date: 15 000 BC
Medium: Ochre, water, animal fat
Importance: earliest art form known, very flat and simplified
Bowmen and deer
Artist: unknown
Date: 10 000 - 9 000
Medium: Iron Oxide, manganese, water, animal fat
Importance: Group hunting, bows and arrows, very early attempts at perspective drawing
Medieval Art
A kind of art in which subjects are religious, figures look flat and stiff, important figures are large, subjects are clothed with little emotion, and it is flat and two dimensional with a single color background.
Renaissance Art
An art of line and edges, figures from the bible,classical history, and mythology, commisioned portraits, use of perspective, chiarascuro (light and dark) to achieve rounded effect, secular backgrounds and material splendor. Values: secularism, individualism, virtu, balance, order, passivity and calm.
self-portrait
Artist: albrecht durer
Date: 1484
Medium: sliver point pen
Importance: he was only 13, unable to erase, one of the earliest self portraits, used a 'looking glass' to see himself
Broadway Boogie Woogie
Artist: Piet Mondrian
Date: 1942
Medium: oil on canvas
Importance: inspired my motion, inspired by city life, yellow squares and taxis
Improvisation 7
Artist: Wassily Kandinsky
Date: 1910
Medium: Oil on canvas
Importance: art was inspired by the power of music
what are the components of shading?
highlight
midtones
core shadow
reflective light
cast shadow
clay procedure
lay garbage bag over desk
lay bat down to build mask on top of
make armature out of newspaper and tape to support the mask
roll clay 1/4 inch thick
lay rolled clay on top of armature
used additive or subtractive method to create features
slip and score any clay you wish to attach
clay clean up
take mosit paper towels and cover the project with them, this will keep everything moist while youâre still working
take project off the bat and secure it inside the garbage bag
thoroughly clean work space
wash hands and tools in the buckets, not the sink
bat
a board to work on your project on
clay
earth filled with minerals
when fired it is water proof and holds its shape
wedging
kneading clay to get rid of air pockets
slip
a mixture of clay and water used as a glue
scoring clay
making grooves in clay so it will better hold onto any clay that is attached
coil
clay cylinders, these are widely used to create different shapes out of clay
slab
clay rolled flat, this is where relief sculptures are built
leatherhard stage
cold to touch
no longer bendable
best stage to carve clay
greenware stage
air dried clay
ready to fire and fragile
kiln
clay oven
firing
heating clay up to 1600F to harden it
bisqueware
clay that has been fired once
sculpture-in-the-round
sculpture that can be seen from all sides
relief sculpture
sculpture that is raised from a flat background
subtractive method
craving areas away to create desired image
common materials: stone, wood
additive method
adding material to create desired image
common materials: clay, wax, plasticine
construction method
joining material to create desired image
ex: welding metal, gluing cardboard
casting method
image is created from something flexible (clay, wax)
it is then covered in plaster to create a mold
plaster is removed and liquid metal is poured into the mold
method often used to create hallow images
opaque
fully covers a surface not letting anything show through
transparent
allowing other layers to show through
how is paint made?
by mixing pigments with liquids
tempera paint
dries fast and dull
add block or white to create tints and shades
painting surfaces: paper, masonite, cardboard
brushes: stiff and soft bristle brushes
water colors
dries fast and transparent
add a darker hue or water to create tints and shades
painting surfaces: textured paper/water color paper
brushes: soft hair brushes like sable or camel
acrylic paint
dries fast and opaque
add black or white to creates tints and shades
painting surfaces: paper, wood, canvas, masonite
brushes: pallet knife or stiff bristle brushes
oil paint
dries slow and opaque
add black or white to create tints and shades
painting surfaces: canvas, wood, masonite, heavy paper
brushes: pallet knife or stiff bristle brushes
Note 
Flashcard (102)