gr.9 art exam

Elements of Art

The visual components of color, line, shape, texture, and value.

line

* necessary for art
* path of a movement point

color

* light reflected of a surface
* properties: hue, intensity. value

value

* how light or dark something is on a scale of white to black

texture

* how something feels or looks like it feels

shape

* enclosed space defined by the other elements of art
* shape is 2D, form is 3D
* geometric or organic

Principles of Art

Balance, emphasis, contrast, movement, rhythm, unity, space, and variety

space

* feeling of depth on a 2D surface
* positive and negative space

rhythm

* combining elements to create a feeling of action/movement
* guiding the movement of the viewers eye

contast

* an element conflicting with another to create interest

emphasis

* another word for contrast
* combing opposite elements to create a center of interest

balance

* creating stability in art

types of balance

* symmetrical balance - both halves are the same
* asymmetric balance - two halves are different but carry the same visual weight
* radial balance - image revolves around a central point

variety

* different elements combined

repetition

* elements used multiple times to create patterns or unity

harmony

* the feeling of unity throughout a piece

contour drawing

drawing in which only contour lines are used to represent the subject matter

What are the basic rules of contour drawing?

1. Don't left pen of paper unless needed
2. No shading
3. No coloring
4. Must look 90% at subject matter, 10% and the paper

drawing techniques

hatching, stippling, contour, blending, shading, stumbling, etc

Basic Shapes

There are four basic shapes (cone, sphere, cylinder, and cube) that are used to create objects in works of art.

organic shapes

Shape that are flowy and natural line structure. Not angular but more circular.

Geomentric Shape

Shapes that conform to regular, angular geometry. E.i squares, rectangles and pentagons

Chiaroscuro

the treatment of light and shade in drawing and painting

highlight

an area of lightest value in a work

core shadow

The darkest part of a shadow

Midtones

Tone values in an image that fall midway between highlight and shadow tones

cast shadow

the shadow that exists underneath an object.

reflective light

The relatively weak light that bounces off a nearby surface onto the shadowed side of a form.

Color Theory

Color theory is the way we mix colors together to create new colors or how we can select color combinations from the color wheel. Color theory also involves the messages colors communicate; the methods used to replicate color.

complimentary colors

Colors opposite on the color wheel

primary colors

red, yellow, blue

secondary colors

orange, green, violet

tertiary colors

yellow-orange, red-orange, red-violet, blue-violet, blue-green, yellow-green

split complementary

a color and the 2 colors on either side of its complement

analogous colors

colors that are next to each other on the color wheel

Monochromatic colors

all the hues (tints and shades) of a single color

warm colors

* red, orange, yellow
* seem to move towards the viewer

cool colors

* blue, green, violet
* seem to recede from the viewer

hue

a particular shade of a given color

shade

Adding black to a color

Tint

Adding white to a color

how can you dull a color?

by mixing a hue with its complement

cave art

prehistoric art found in caves

abstract art

art that depicts natural objects in simplified, distorted, or exaggerated ways

Representational Art

art that recognizably represents or depicts a particular subject

non-representational art

presents visual forms with no specific references to anything outside themselves

Chauvet Cave

The earliest known painted cave, dated to between 38,000 and 33,000 years ago. It is located in Lascaux, France.

Great Hall of the Bulls

Artist: unknown

Date: 15 000 BC

Medium: Ochre, water, animal fat

Importance: earliest art form known, very flat and simplified

Bowmen and deer

Artist: unknown

Date: 10 000 - 9 000

Medium: Iron Oxide, manganese, water, animal fat

Importance: Group hunting, bows and arrows, very early attempts at perspective drawing

Medieval Art

A kind of art in which subjects are religious, figures look flat and stiff, important figures are large, subjects are clothed with little emotion, and it is flat and two dimensional with a single color background.

Renaissance Art

An art of line and edges, figures from the bible,classical history, and mythology, commisioned portraits, use of perspective, chiarascuro (light and dark) to achieve rounded effect, secular backgrounds and material splendor. Values: secularism, individualism, virtu, balance, order, passivity and calm.

self-portrait

Artist: albrecht durer

Date: 1484

Medium: sliver point pen

Importance: he was only 13, unable to erase, one of the earliest self portraits, used a 'looking glass' to see himself

Broadway Boogie Woogie

Artist: Piet Mondrian

Date: 1942

Medium: oil on canvas

Importance: inspired my motion, inspired by city life, yellow squares and taxis

Improvisation 7

Artist: Wassily Kandinsky

Date: 1910

Medium: Oil on canvas

Importance: art was inspired by the power of music

what are the components of shading?

1. highlight
2. midtones
3. core shadow
4. reflective light
5. cast shadow

clay procedure

1. lay garbage bag over desk
2. lay bat down to build mask on top of
3. make armature out of newspaper and tape to support the mask
4. roll clay 1/4 inch thick
5. lay rolled clay on top of armature
6. used additive or subtractive method to create features
7. slip and score any clay you wish to attach

clay clean up

1. take mosit paper towels and cover the project with them, this will keep everything moist while you’re still working
2. take project off the bat and secure it inside the garbage bag
3. thoroughly clean work space
4. wash hands and tools in the buckets, not the sink

bat

a board to work on your project on

clay

* earth filled with minerals
* when fired it is water proof and holds its shape

wedging

kneading clay to get rid of air pockets

slip

a mixture of clay and water used as a glue

scoring clay

making grooves in clay so it will better hold onto any clay that is attached

coil

clay cylinders, these are widely used to create different shapes out of clay

slab

clay rolled flat, this is where relief sculptures are built

leatherhard stage

* cold to touch
* no longer bendable
* best stage to carve clay

greenware stage

* air dried clay
* ready to fire and fragile

kiln

clay oven

firing

heating clay up to 1600F to harden it

bisqueware

clay that has been fired once

sculpture-in-the-round

sculpture that can be seen from all sides

relief sculpture

sculpture that is raised from a flat background

subtractive method

* craving areas away to create desired image
* common materials: stone, wood

additive method

* adding material to create desired image
* common materials: clay, wax, plasticine

construction method

* joining material to create desired image
* ex: welding metal, gluing cardboard

casting method

* image is created from something flexible (clay, wax)
* it is then covered in plaster to create a mold
* plaster is removed and liquid metal is poured into the mold
* method often used to create hallow images

opaque

fully covers a surface not letting anything show through

transparent

allowing other layers to show through

how is paint made?

by mixing pigments with liquids

tempera paint

* dries fast and dull
* add block or white to create tints and shades
* painting surfaces: paper, masonite, cardboard
* brushes: stiff and soft bristle brushes

water colors

* dries fast and transparent
* add a darker hue or water to create tints and shades
* painting surfaces: textured paper/water color paper
* brushes: soft hair brushes like sable or camel

acrylic paint

* dries fast and opaque
* add black or white to creates tints and shades
* painting surfaces: paper, wood, canvas, masonite
* brushes: pallet knife or stiff bristle brushes

oil paint

* dries slow and opaque
* add black or white to create tints and shades
* painting surfaces: canvas, wood, masonite, heavy paper
* brushes: pallet knife or stiff bristle brushes