Philippine Civil Law - Obligations and Contracts

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to the obligations and contracts as outlined in the Philippine Civil Law.

Obligation

A juridical necessity to give, to do, or not to do.

Civil obligations

Arising from contracts and must be complied with in good faith; have the force of law between parties.

Quasi-contracts

Obligations arising from lawful, voluntary, and unilateral acts to prevent unjust enrichment.

Quasi-delict

An obligation arising from damages caused by fault or negligence where there is no prior contractual relationship.

Good father of a family

A standard of care required from a person obliged to give something, ensuring proper diligence.

Delay

Occurring when the obligee has made a demand for performance from the obligor.

Solidary obligations

Involves two or more debtors where each can be compelled to pay the whole debt.

Conditional obligations

Obligations dependent on future or uncertain events.

Eviction

The act of depriving a vendee of possession due to a valid claim by a third party.

Guaranty

A contract where the guarantor promises to fulfill the obligation if the principal debtor fails.

Mortgage

A contract where property is used as collateral for a debt.

Aleatory contract

A contract where the obligations of the parties depend on an uncertain event.

Compromise

A contract to settle a dispute through mutual concessions.

Damages

Compensation awarded to a party suffering loss or injury.

Usury

The illegal action of lending money at unreasonably high interest rates.

Deposit

A contract where one person receives property belonging to another for safekeeping.

Pledge

A type of security where personal property is delivered to secure a debt.

Antichresis

A contract where the creditor receives the fruits of an immovable property in payment of interest and principal.

Creditor's lien

A right allowing the creditor to retain possession of property until a debt is satisfied.

Negotiorum gestio

Management of another's business or property without the owner's authority.

Quasi-delict liability

Responsibility for damages due to an act or omission that causes injury to another.

Civil obligation

An obligation that gives the right of action to compel performance.

Liability of partners

Every partner is responsible for the obligations of the partnership, to the extent of their property.

Industrial partner

A partner whose contribution is in the form of labor or services.

Limited partner

A partner not personally liable for the debts of the partnership beyond their contribution.