DRUG TESTING

invalidate

Specimen collection

Proper specimen collection is essential for legally and scientifically defensible drug test result; failure to follow any of these steps will _ the results and make them indefensible in legal settings

Authorized specimen collector

Specimen collection

Done by ?

Collection procedure

Chain of custody and record keeping

Specimen integrity and security

Dangerous drugs regulation and policies

Specimen collection

Authorized specimen collector

At least high school graduate who undergone training on the following (4)

To ensure security of specimen at collection site

to inspect integrity of urine

To record specimen

Functions of ASC (3)

Employer of client/patient

Crime investigator

Complainant

Owner/administrator of requesting agency

Who are not authorized to collect specimen? (4)

Collection site

a designated area within the laboratory or a temporary facility located at a remote site where a donor provides specimen for drug test

specimen

Collection device

Shall not affect or alter the _ collected

labeled

sealed

Collection device

Shall be properly _ and _

appropriate agency

DOH

Collection device

If the collection device is unique and integral part of collection and analytical testing procedure, it must be registered by an _ _ designated by _ as a medical device (e.g sweat patch)

Polyethylene bottle, 30 or 60 wide mouth screw cap

Collection device and type of specimen

Urine

_

Polyethylene bottle, 30 ml

Collection device and type of specimen

Saliva

_

Plain test tube, 10 ml

Collection device and type of specimen

Blood

_

Screw capped plastic container

Collection device and type of specimen

Tissue

_

Self sealed transparent plastic bag

Collection device and type of specimen

Hair

_

FDA approved sweat patch

Collection device and type of specimen

Sweat

_

Urine

Type of specimen and reason for test

Pre-employment, random, reasonable suspicion/cause, mandatory

Saliva

Type of specimen and reason for test

Pre-employment, random, reasonable suspicion/cause

Blood, Tissue, Nails

Type of specimen and reason for test

Reasonable suspicion/cause

Hair

Type of specimen and reason for test

Pre-employment, random, return to duty, follow up

Sweat

Type of specimen and reason for test

Return to duty, follow up

Urine specimen

Least expensive, most popular

Easy to do

Standardized procedures

week

Abstaining

Urine specimen

Detects use within the _

_ can produce negative reaction

Established specimen validity test

Saliva specimen

Uncommon method

Easy to administer

Saliva specimen

Short detection time

No reference standards

Blood specimen

Most expensive method

Most accurate method

Blood specimen

Least common method

Short detection time

Procedure not established and standardized

Sweat specimen

Requires wearing of patch 1-2 weeks

Uncommon method

No reference standards developed yet

Sweat specimen

Surface contaminated can cause false positive

Can detect use for extended period of time

Hair specimen

Expensive and tedious

Twice more sensitive than urine test

Hair specimen

Do not detect recent use

Detect chronic substance abuse

1.5 x 1.5 cm

abstinence

temporal

Hair specimen

Requires _ x _ hair clump

Not affected by drug _

Can determine _ pattern

60 mL in single container or 30 ml each in two separate containers for split specimen

Minimum quantity of specimen

Urine

_

2 ml, divided into 1.5 ml the primary and 0.5 for the challenge

Minimum quantity of specimen

Saliva

_

Minimum of 5 ml

Minimum quantity of specimen

Blood

_

100 mg hair

Minimum quantity of specimen

Hair

_

1 patch worn for 7 to 14 days

Minimum quantity of specimen

Sweat

_

Observed collection

Methods of specimen collection

In the presence of ASC

Unobserved collection

Methods of specimen collection

In the absence of ASC

Submitted samples

Subject to validity test

Physically unable to go to the laboratory or designated collection site

Involve in crime scene

Involve in post accident

Critically ill

Condition when unobserved specimen collection is allowed

When donor is: (4)

Single type specimen collection

Split type specimen collection

Types of specimen collection (2)

Photo ID

Identification by authorized agency representative

Any other ID allowed by agency workplace drug testing plan

Specimen donor identification (3)

Identification by a co-worker

Identification by another donor

Use of a single, non photo ID

Unacceptable forms of identification (3)

1. Verify donor’s ID

2. Fill-up of DT forms

3. Collect urine

4. Seal specimen

5. Complete CCF

6. Ready for analysis

Observed specimen collection for URINE (steps)

tampering

Specimen integrity and security

The ASC must adopt procedures to minimize the risk of _ specimen during the collection procedure.

Dilution

Adulteration

Substitution

Forms of tampering specimen (3)

Chain of custody

The procedure to account for the integrity of each specimen or aliquot by tracking from point of specimen collection to its final disposition

custody and control form

CCF

custody and control form

Is a form used to document the security of specimen

All steps of collection

Persons who handled the specimen

Status and integrity of specimen

Other pertinent information

custody and control form

A form to document chain of custody from collection to transport, analysis and releasing of reports

Improper entries will invalidate testing procedure

With legal and forensic implications

Three copies (donor/employer, ASC, laboratory)

custody and control form

how many copies and for whom?

cooler with dry ice

Handling, storage and transport

Proper handling and storage of specimen must be taken to ensure the integrity of the drug and or metabolite. Specimen must be properly labeled, sealed and placed in a _ with _ _ or a suitable alternative during transport.

Blood

Handling and storage

_	Separate serum then immediately freeze specimen

Hair

Handling and storage

_	Stored at cool and dry place

Tissue

Handling and storage

_	Macerated and frozen

Saliva

Handling and storage

_	Deep frozen at least -8 to -10 c

Urine

Handling and storage

_	Prolonged storage at -20 c; stored initially between 2-6 c for not more than 1 day

5 days

Conditions for retention of specimen

Negative result

_

Minimum of 15 days

Conditions for retention of specimen

Positive result, adulterated, substituted, invalid result

_

Up to a year

Conditions for retention of specimen

Judicial proceedings or upon request

_