Key Terms from Unit 8: Freedom from Fear

Vocabulary flashcards covering significant terms and concepts from the 'Freedom from Fear' unit in AP US History.

A. Philip Randolph

Labor and civil rights leader who demanded FDR create a Fair Employment Practices Commission.

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (1933)

New Deal program that paid farmers not to produce crops to reduce surpluses.

Alfred (Al) Smith

First Catholic president nominee who lost in 1928 partly due to his religion.

American Liberty League

Conservative organization that criticized Roosevelt's New Deal policies.

Atlantic Charter (1941)

Joint statement by Roosevelt and Churchill outlining goals for Allied victory in WWII.

Black Cabinet

Informal network of black officeholders advocating for African American opportunities.

Bonus Army (1932)

Group of WWI veterans who protested in Washington for immediate payment of bonuses.

Brain Trust

Advisors to Roosevelt, mainly professors who influenced early New Deal policies.

Charles Coughlin

Catholic priest who criticized the New Deal and became increasingly anti-Roosevelt.

Court-packing plan

Roosevelt's proposal to reform the Supreme Court by adding justices.

Fireside chats

Roosevelt's informal radio addresses aimed at building public confidence.

Frances Perkins

First woman in a federal Cabinet position, influential in New Deal programs.

Francis Townsend

Proposed a pension plan to assist retired workers and stimulate the economy.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

President from 1933 to 1945 who led America through the Depression and WWII.

Harry S. Truman

Vice president who succeeded FDR and implemented the Fair Deal.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)

Increased tariffs on imports but worsened the Great Depression.

Herbert Hoover

President blamed for the Great Depression due to his inflexible policies.

Hoovervilles

Shantytowns set up by unemployed during the Great Depression.

Huey Long

Louisiana governor who proposed the 'Share-Our-Wealth' program.

Hundred Days

The first weeks of FDR's presidency marked by significant New Deal legislation.

Lend Lease (1941)

Program allowing the president to lend or lease military equipment to allies.

National Labor Relations Act (1935)

Created a board to help promote unionization and collective bargaining.

National Recovery Administration (1933)

Agency that sought to control the economy through industry codes.

Neutrality Acts (1935-1937)

Laws aimed to keep the U.S. out of foreign conflicts.

New Deal (1933-1938)

Roosevelt's programs addressing economic recovery through relief, reform, and recovery.

Pearl Harbor

Site of the Japanese attack that brought the U.S. into WWII.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (1932)

Hoover's program providing loans to businesses to spur recovery.

Rugged individualism

Hoover's belief that individuals should aid each other without government intervention.

Second Front

Proposed Allied invasion of France to assist the Soviets during WWII.

Second New Deal (1935-1936)

A series of proposals aimed at reinvigorating the New Deal.

Social Security Act (1935)

Established a federal pension fund for retired workers.

Chiang Kai Shek

Leader of China during WWII, later associated with American setbacks in the Cold War.

Domino Theory

The belief that if one country fell to communism, neighboring countries would follow.

Douglas MacArthur

General in WWII who oversaw UN forces during the Korean War.

Dwight Eisenhower

President who emphasized military cost-cutting and nuclear deterrence.

George Kennan

Architect of the containment policy to prevent Soviet expansion.

John Foster Dulles

Secretary of State known for brinkmanship and massive retaliation against communism.

Joseph Stalin

Soviet leader during WWII and early Cold War known for his totalitarian regime.

Mao Zedong

Communist leader who controlled China from 1949 onward.

Marshall Plan (1947-1954)

U.S. program to aid in the recovery of Western Europe after WWII.

Massive retaliation

U.S. strategy of using nuclear weapons to deter communist aggression.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (1949)

Military alliance to deter Soviet aggression in Europe.

Peaceful coexistence (1955-1960)

Period of reduced tension between the U.S. and Soviet Union.

Truman Doctrine (1947)

Policy to provide aid to countries resisting communism.

Yalta Conference (February 1945)

Meeting of Allied leaders to discuss postwar arrangements.

Alger Hiss

Former State Department official accused of espionage.

House Un-American Activities Committee

Congressional committee investigating alleged communist activity.

Joseph McCarthy

Senator known for unsubstantiated claims of communist infiltration.

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Executed for espionage related to atomic secrets.

National Defense Education Act (1958)

Law aimed at improving U.S. education in response to Cold War challenges.

Sputnik

First artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union.