veterinary public health intro

what is state veterinary medicine?

• protection of public health

• protection of animal welfare

• protection of animal health

• protection of international trade

what is public health

art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organised efforts of society

what is veterinary public health

sum of all the contributions to the complete physical, mental and social wellbeing of humans through an understanding and application of veterinary medical science

what does VPH include?

• zoonoses both foodborne and none

• AMR

• allergies

• pet ownership

• mental health

• economic implications

how does veterinary contribute to one health?

• protecting animal health

• food safety in animal production

• protecting public health

• reducing poverty

• animal welfare

• market access

• food security

what drove the need for modern veterinary

• population growth

• urbanisation

• human disease

• healthy animals needed to aid production

• eg, anthrax associated with the textile industry, notifiable disease,

• industrial revolution

risk management strategies

• regulation

• legislation

• implementation

• enforcement

• audit

• quality control

risk assessment strategies

• science

• scientific advice

• advice

• education

• codes of practice

• standards

world organisation for animal health

• ngo

• coordinate, support and promote animal disease control

• recognised by world trade organisation

• improve animal health in the wolrd

• prevention of the effects of zoonoses on vph including food safety

world trade organisation

• ngo

• coordinate, regulate and facilitate international trade between nations

world health organisation

• ngo, part of UN

• international public health

• expand universal health coverage

• direct and coordinate world response to health emergencies and promote healthier lives

food and agriculture organisation

• ngo

• defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security

• un

• assist governments and development agencies to coordinate activiies to improve and deveop agri, forestry, fisheries and land and water resources

codex alimentarius

• ngo

• collection of internationally recognised standards, codes of practice, guidelines and other recommendations published by food and agri organisation relating to food, food production, food labelling and food safety

international standards organisation

• NGO

• uks rep body is the british standards institution

• organisation, development, and publishing of worldwide technical, industrial and commercial standards

the OIE mandate

• the WTO recognises OIE as th reference organisation for internatinal standarsd for animal health and zoonoses

• establishes health requirements for safe international trade of animals and animal products

• avoids unjustified sanitary barriers

• animal food production food safety

what is a hazard

• potential to cause harm

• HACCP- A biological, chemical or physical agent in or condition of food with the potential to cause an adverse health effect

risk

• likelihood of occureence and magnitude of consequences of a specific hazard being realised

• risk = f[p(adverse effect) x s(adverse effect)] if p or s=0 risk =0

what is a risk analysis

• analytical process to provide information regarding undesirable events

• process of estimating probabilities and expected consequences for identified risks

• detailed examination including risk assessment, risk evaluation and risk management alternatives performed to understand the nature of unwanted outcome

risk analysis- international regulations

• SPS is an international treaty of the WTO

• the measures covered by the agreement are those aimed at protection of human, animal or plant life or health from certain risks

• under SPS agreement WTO sets constraints on policies relating to food safety and animal/plant health

• member countries can employ measures to protect human, animal or plant life or health as long as these measures are not applied arbitrarily, no discrimination.

food and veterinary office

• european commission

• check on compliance with requirements of eu food safety and quality, animal health and welfare, plant health legislation

• contibute to dev and implementation of effective control systems in food safety, animal health and welfare and plant health sectors

• inform stakeholders of outcome of its audit and inspections

EFSA

• provides independent scientific advice and communicates on existing and emrging risks associated with the food chain

• eg antimicrobial use, chemical toxicity, zoonotic disease

ECDC

• strengthen europes defences against infectious diseases

food standards agency

• uk

• protecting public health in relation to food in uk

DEFRA

• responsible for env protection

• food production and standards

• agriculture

• fisheries

• rural communities across uk

APHA

• within DEFRA

• protect health and welfare of animals and general public from disease

VMD

• regulation and authorisation of veterinary medicines

• adverse reaction reporting and carrying out post authorisation surveillance

• surveillance for residues in animal products

• amr

role of local authorities in the uk

• environmental health officers

• housing, pollution, pest control, aspects of food law enforcement

• have training in issues relating to hygiene and microbiological problems

• monitoring the hygienic operation of food poisoning outbreaks

• most have a degree in environmental health

role of local government in the uk

• waste control

• food premises licensing and inspection

• pest control

• animal welfare

• housing 

• nuisance

uk government veterinary services

• work in government departments and agencies such as FSA, APHA

• attract and retain talented individuals to GVS profession

• improve skills and capability of vet professionals across gov to enable progression to senior civil service level

• improve learning and dev opportunities for GVS professionals across government

• all UK public sector vets are automatically members of GVS

USDA

• leadership on food, agri, natural resources, rural development, nutrition

• meet needs of commerical farming and livestock food production

• promotes agri trade and production

• works to assure foods safety

• protects natural resources

• fosters rural communities

• works to end hunger

APHIS

• part of usda

• audits, inspections

• protect health and value of americas agricultural and natural resources

• certify live animal and plant or animal and plant product imports and exports

• monitor animal welfare, animal and plant health

• wildlife surveillance

• scientific advances in agronomy and biotechnology

FSIS

• part of usda

• audits, inspections

• enhance public health and wellbeing of americas citizens

• protect public from foodborne illness

• ensuer meat poultry and egg products are safe, wholesome and correctly packaged

• annual sampling programs

HHS

• enhance health and wellbeing of all americans

• providing for effective health and human services

• fostering sound sustained advances in sciences underlying medicine, public health and social services

FDA

• responsible for protecting public health by ensuring safety, efficacy, security of human and vet drugs, biological products, medical devices

• ensure safety of usa food supply, cosmetics and products that emit radiation

CVM

• branch of the FDA

• has regulatory authority over:

• animal drugs

• animal foods and feed

• pet food

• animal medical devices

CDC

• national public health agency of the US

• protection of public health and safety through control and prevention of disease, injury and disability in us and worldwide

• national attention on developing and applying disease control and prevention

EPA

• governs environmental protection matters

• can issue regulations

what is an OV

• private practice vets who perform work on behalf of the uk gov

what is a notifiable disease?

• one named in the animal health act 1981

• animal health act regulate preventio, control, eradication of animal diseases

• powers of entry and seizure of infected animals

• disease control measures such as compulsory movement restrictions, diagnostic testing and compulsory slaughter

• compensation in many cases

• empowerment of local authorities to enforce relevant legislation

role of an OV in the outbreak of a notifiable disease

• some will be required to work with APHA vets both on the infected premises and within the surveillance and protection zones

• in a major outbreak where there are movement restrictions, likely role to license movement of animals eg carrying out clinical inspections before transportation

• animal health act allows gov to appoint vets as veterinary inspectors - legal powers to enter premises, serve enforcement notices, kill animals for reasons other than welfare and take action against animal keepers

centre of international trade- carlise

• imports of

• live animals and germ plasma

• thirs country trade

• intra community trade

• illegal

• international disease surveillance

• safeguards

• exports of

• live animals and germ plasma

• intra community trade

• exports to third countries

• disease status

• safeguards

requirements for pet cats and dogs before import and export

• microchipped

• rabies vaccinated

• blood tested

• tapeworm treatment

• correctly certified

• approved transport company