Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

-686 kcal/mol

released during cellular respiration

7.3 kcal/mol

energy required to turn ADP to ATP

233.6 kcal/mol

energy harnessed in ATP that is broken down in the presence of oxygen

32 ATP

produced from one molecule of glucose

34%

total energy harnessed as ATP, the rest is heat

anabolism

build molecules

catabolism

break down molecules

oxidative phosphorylation

passes electrons along the chain and pumps protons creating an electrochemical gradient to harness ATP

substate level phosphorylation

phosphate groups are transferred to ADP from an organic molecule to harness ATP

antenna chlorophylls

deliver light energy to the reaction center allowing electrons to be transferred to an electron acceptor

ascorbate (vitamin C) & beta carotene

neutralizes reactive oxygen species

cyclic electron transport

electrons from PSI are redirected from ferredoxin back to the electron transport chain

Cytochrome-b6f complex (Cyt)

passes electrons from PSII to PSI

ferredoxin

electron acceptor associated with PSI, membrane-associated protein on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane

ferredoxin NADP reductase

catalyzes formation of NADPH by transferring 2 electrons from reduced ferredoxin and a near by proton

grana

interlinked structure that form the thylakoid membrane

light dependent reaction

photosynthetic electron transport chain

light independent reaction

calvin cycle

lumen

fluid filled compartment enclosed by the thylakoid membrane

photorespiration

rubisco acts as oxygenase, resulting in the release of carbon and net loss of energy

photic zone

100m in the ocean where photosynthesis can take place

photosystems

protein pigment complexes that absorb light to drive redox reactions which set the photosynthetic electron transport chain in motion

plastocyanin

diffuses through membrane from cyt to PSI

plastoquinone

diffuses through membrane from PSII to cyt

stroma

region that surrounds the thylakoid where calvin cycle occurs

triose phosphate

produced by the calin cycle and exported from the chloroplast

xanthophylls

slow formation of reactive oxygen species by reducing excess light energy by converting light into heat