Introduction to Psychology Flashcards

Flashcards based on Psychology Lecture Notes.

What is the definition of Psychology?

Science of Behavior and Mental Processes.

What are the four goals of Psychology?

Describe, Predict, Understand, Influence.

What is the approach to knowledge based on systematic observations?

Systematic observations.

Define Behavior in psychology.

Directly observable and measurable actions.

What do Mental Processes include in psychology?

Thinking, Perceiving, and Feeling.

Who founded the first laboratory of Psychology and when?

Wilhelm Wundt in 1879.

Name some key events important in the development of Psychology.

The Scientific Method, Philosophical Thought, Hypnosis, Natural Selection, Adaptation, Genetics.

What were the first areas of Psychology to be explored?

Structuralism, Functionalism, Behaviorism, Psychotherapy.

Who were the important figures in Structuralism?

Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener.

What is Gestalt Psychology?

Explores the nature of conscious experience, views it as a whole.

Who was an important figure in Gestalt Psychology?

Max Wertheimer.

Who were important figures in Functionalism?

William James, Hermann Ebbinghaus, and Mary Whiton Calkins.

What theory influenced Functionalism?

Darwin's Theory of Evolution.

Who were important figures in Behaviorism?

Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, Margaret Floy Washburn, B.F. Skinner.

Who was an important figure in Psychotherapy?

Sigmund Freud.

What does Psychotherapy focus on?

The unconscious mind.

What modern areas did the first areas of Psychology influence?

Cognitive Psychology, Social Learning Theory, Humanistic Psychology.

What does Cognitive Psychology emphasize?

Emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes like perception, memory, and thinking.

Who is an important figure in Social Learning Theory?

Albert Bandura.

What does Social Learning Theory state?

Integrates the study of behavior with the study of cognition; behavior is learned from others in society.

Who are the important figures in Humanistic Psychology?

Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Viktor Frankl.

What does Psychometrics focuses on?

Focuses on the measurement of mental function

What does Neuroscience perspective focuses on?

Focuses on the nervous system in explaining behavior and mental processes.

List the Basic Areas of Modern Psychology.

Biological Psychology, Sensation and Perception, Learning and Memory, Cognition, Developmental Psychology, Motivation and Emotion, Personality, Social Psychology, Sociocultural Psychology.

List the Applied Areas of Modern Psychology.

Clinical Psychology, Counseling Psychology, Educational and School Psychology, Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Health Psychology.