CHE 2C Midterm 2

First Order

Second Order

Zero Order

Things needed for reaction to occur

• Correct orientation

• Enough Kinetic Energy to overcome Activation Energy

• Hit directly and be going fast enough for bond to form

rate formula for aA + bB → cC + dD

r = k [A]^a [B]^b

formula for order

sum of coefficients or exponents

what direction can the transition state go in

forwards and backwards

what mechanics is assumed for kinetics

classical mechanics

what do catalysts do

• Lower Activation Energy

• No effect on Keq

• Inversely correlated with k

homogeneous

reaction and catalyst are at same phase

heterogeneous

reaction and catalyst are at different phases

building block of life

organic compounds (carbons)

how many bonds does C form

4

sp3 orbital diagram

• 4 sigma bonds

• Linear

sp2 orbital diagram

• 3 sigma bonds & 1 pi bond

• Trigonal Planar

sp orbital diagram

• 2 sigma bonds & 2 pi bonds

• Tetrahedral

#C = 1

Meth-

#C = 2

Eth-

#C = 3

Prop-

#C = 4

But-

#C = 5

Pent-

#C = 6

Hex-

#C = 7

Hept-

#C = 8

Oct-

#C = 9

Non-

#C = 10

Dec-

• Alkane

• C(n) H(2n+2)

• Alkene

• C(n) H(2n)

• Alkyne

• C(n) H(2n-2)

• Benzene

• Arene

• Aromatic

• Halide

• …CX

• Alcohol

• …COH

• Phenol

• …COH

• Ether

• …COC…

• Amine

• …CNH2

• Aldehyde

• …CHO

• Ketone

• …CO…

• Carboxylic Acid

• …COOH

• Ester

• …COO…

• Amide

• …CONH2…

• Can also have R group instead of one of the H

conformations

identical molecules differing only by rotation

primary carbon

1 carbon neighbor

secondary carbon

2 carbon neighbors

tertiary carbon

3 carbon neighbors

quaternary carbon

4 carbon neighbors

chiral

carbon with different groups

most saturated

alkanes

unsaturated degree formula

#H missing / 2

halogenation

halide replaces hydrogen

steps to determine R or S

• Rank groups based on molar mass

  • 1 = Highest & 4 = Lowest

• Make sure 4 is pointing away

  • Redraw if necessary

• Trace groups from 1 to 2 to 3 to 4

  • CW = R

  • CCW = S

• Opposite direction if molecular is redrawn in 2