english 4th quarter notes

campaign

campaign

involves planned activities to achieve a goal within a set timeframe, using channels like advertising, social media, events, and community engagement to reach the target audience.

advocacy

involves promoting a cause or idea to influence decision-makers or the public, sometimes with ongoing efforts aimed at bringing about social or policy change, without always adhering to a specific timeframe.

advocacy-campaign

is an organized effort to promote a cause or idea and influence people or policies. it combines advocacy methods with campaign strategies to achieve specific goals within a set time.

features of a persuasive material

modal verbs, emotive language, rhetorical questions, experts, involving the readers, association, evidence

jargon

used by a group or profession; specialized terms

research

process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data and information

abstract

brief overview of a research study, we can know the content of the research, only made after the research study

conceptual framework

written or visual representation that explains the study variables and their relationships with each other

concepts

these are building block of theories

control group

in experiments, it is the one that does not get the treatment.

data

factual information (as measurements or statistics) used as a basis for reasoning, or calculation

delimitation and scope

where you clearly state what your research aims for. refer to defining the boundaries or limits of a project or study.

deductive reasoning

a logical approach where you progress from general ideas to specific conclusions

dependent variable

variable being measured or tested in the experiment

experimental group

is the group that receives the variable being tested in the experiment

hypothesis

a statement of expectation or prediction that will be tested by research, can be proven true or false.

null hypothesis

is a statement that suggests there is no relationship or no significant difference between certain variables or factors in a study or experiment

independent variable

a variable that stands alone, it isn’t changed by the other variables. cannot be changed at all or influenced.

inductive reasoning

a method of drawing conclusions that involve making generalizations based on specific observations or evidence. moves from specific instances to a broader conclusion

introduction

it presents the background information, scope, and focus of the research paper

plagiarism

appropriation of another person’s ideas, processes, results, or words without proper credit

principle investigator

an individual responsible for the preparation, conduct, and administration of a research. one who oversees the research.

mnemonic devices

is a memory aid or technique designed to help remember information, such as a list, sequence, or concept. can take various forms, including acronyms, rhymes, songs, visual imagery, or associations.

examples of mnemonics

ROYGBIV and PEMDAS

research subject

participant in a research, either as a recipient of a test item

research design

game plan or method for finding out what you want to know

theory

general explanation about a specific behaviour or set of events that is based on known principles and serves to organize related events in a meaningful way

reference

sources used in the research and are in alphabetical form

definition

statement that explains and describes a certain general idea

technical definition

refers to the aspect of explaining or describing any technical terms or terminologies. could be used in expanding the vocabulary since most of these terms are explained in an exact manner.

operational definition

is more on the application of the word.it is used in defining the terms of a process. gives an obvious, precise, and communicable meaning to a concept that is used to ensure comprehensive knowledge of the idea by specifying how the idea is measured and applied within a particular set of circumstances.

conjunctive adverbs

are words that connect clauses or sentences and show the relationship between them. serve as transitions between ideas, indicating how one idea relates to another

addition conjunctive adverbs

adverbs that indicate the addition of information or ideas: moreover, furthermore, also, in addition, besides, additionally

contrasting conjunctive adverbs

adverbs that show a contrast between ideas: however, nevertheless, nonetheless on the other hand, conversely, whereas, yet,still

cause and effect conjunctive adverbs

adverbs that express a cause-and-effect relationship: therefore, thus, consequently, as a result, accordingly, hence, so

time conjunctive adverbs

adverbs that indicate the timing or sequence of events: meanwhile, afterward, subsequently, thereafter, then, finally, meanwhile, next

comparison conjunctive adverbs

adverbs that are used to show similarities or differences: likewise, similarly, in contrast, compared to, similarly, by comparison

emphasis conjunctive adverbs

adverbs that emphasize a point: indeed, certainly, surely, of course, naturally